ch 18 Rural Nursing Flashcards
t or f are rural canadians seen as a vulnerable group?
true
why are rural canadians seen as a vulnerable group?
have high mortality rates d/t injuries, suicide and circ disease
• travel greater distances to receive all services and have high death rates d/t MVA
• Distance, weather, mountain ranges, coastal hazards are barriers to health service accessand delivery
• Rural Canadians have lower income and education
which other diseases than injuries, suicide, circulatory issues are rural pops at risk of
do both males and females have lower life expectancies rurally
incidence of resp disease is higher
yes both are lower
why is it important to define rural
below what population is the definition of rural generally
this affects funding
<10,000
nurses working in what area eg public health form the largest cohort of rural nurses
hospital nurses
are rural nurses often specialists
they are multi-specialists (they are usually generalists and they have to know lots of different things) so they are also expert generlists
does a large proportion of canadians live rurally
21-30% of them
rural nurses are expected to do what kind of duties/roles outside of their own
they are expected to do the work of nonprofessionals often eg housekeeping and alos the work of other professionals eg physio and pharmacy esp at night
do most rural nurses see it detrimental or useful that everyone in the community knows them. why or how?
sometimes privacy is an issue but knowing people is seen as a strength
this requires good professional boundaries
• The rural nurses need to know who lives in their community, what their skills are and whether theyre avail to address loack health needs/respond to emerge g might want to know who has first aid and could respond to major event
when you know the community its easier to mobilize community strengths to mae local programs and health services
mobilizing community strengths and making local programs and health services is what Feminist researchers described as
“relationship work”an imp and invisible work done by women.
which care areas/specialties are most challenging for rural hospital nurses
emer
maternity
complex mental health
how do rural nurses feel that their urban counterparts view them?
what about the opinion of educators
• Some nurses feel marginalization or lack of understanding of rural nursing issues from those in urban settings and educators
t or f healthcare is increasingly regionalized
T OR F there are increasing numbers of RNs who want to work rurally
tru there is inc regionalization
false there is inc shortage of HCP to work in rural, northern communities
what are some factors that affect the recruitment and retention of rural nurses
challenges w job opportunities for partners
• Many rural communities are having job losses d/t dec natural resources eg mill closures, dec fish and consolidation of sevices in lg urban centres
• Touris is challenging as it makes demand for healthcare flucturate
• Maternity care avail is a factor in families willingness to reloacate
which organization made the connection tat the lack of healthcare for pioneer women inc anada was adding to high mat and infant mortality rate
o Victoria order of nursing, founded in 1897 by national council of women of Canada
what did the victoria order of nursing do to inc care for women
o VON began giving pre/postnatal care in small cottage hospitals in Ont and visiting nurse services were provided in country districts
o Rural program was d/cd d/t funding lack. This showed medical officials that nurses could give health at home and thus inc health of rural families
o VON established training homes in Ottawa, Mtl, Tor, Halifax
what kind of things were rural PHNs involved in
they were often generalists that worked in health education, dental, communicable disease, pre and post natal, med surg, delivered babies and even veterinary assistance
what signified the shift of graduate nursing work from the community to elsewhere (hospital i guess)
intro of hospitals act and medical care funding, which positioned doctors as gatekeepers to Canadian healthcare system
around what time/event were outpost nursing stns set up and what did they establish or demonstrate
o After WWi the red cross et up chain of outpost nursing stns and hospital in remote areas. They showed that public funding was nec to ensure access to essential health services in remote and often poor communities that coultn attract/pay a dr
why did the govt put some outpose nurses in arctic and subarctic in 1904
d/t responsibilities for FN healthcare, “for humanitarian reasons and to prevent the spread of disease to the white population”
how was midwifery seen in outpost nursing stations by the medical community and what did this necessitate
o Maternity was one of primary reasons for estab of outpost nursing was for mat care but midwifery was illegal so these nurses were often trained in Britain. Some learned on the job or from lay midwives in community
how does allocating resources proportionate to populations affect rural communities (good or bad) and why
ural communities are disadvantaged. Because it costs more to live and give health in rural, allocating resources in this way can lead to health inequities and affect willingness of nurses and other HCPs to work in rural and remote communities
t or f a rural nurse might be certified to give out Dx and do minor procedures like suturing
true
is healthcare increasingly centralized or is there increasing specialties in rural areas
While centralizing specialized services makes sense it has costs to rural pop, esp to remote first nations. They must travel further and there is emotional social etc costs of leaving home community
are rural nurses held to the same std of care as urban nurses and is the context of care taken into account for this
o Rural nurses are held to same std of care as urban nurses and context (of less staff, backup, resources) isn’t taken into account
are rural residents more or less likely to seek healthcare than their urban counterparts and why
o Rural residents value independence hardiness and self reliance which can dec their willingeness to seek healthcare
because of the size of a community a rural nurse may feel that nursing is not just an occupation but a ___
lifestyle
job satisfactio rurally is linked to what
For rural nurses predictors of satisfaction are current eqpt and supplies, satisfaction w scheduling and shifts, lower stress and being happy with the community and job satisfaction is linked to retention
is leadership equally spread in rural areas compared to urban
no theres inadequate leadership
what is one suggested method of providing culturally relevant health services
increasing the proprotion of FN nurses
4% of Canadians are indigenous while onl 1% of nurses are
summry of the barriers to rural nursing work
isolation, workload, less social amenities, less spousal employment opportunities, smaller professional networks, les Tx services, inc cost of living
serious shortage of health and HR
what is a possible solution to the lack of resources eg staff and continuing education
Recruitment incentives and flexible distance/blended learning opportunitie
what ways could they inc retention and recruitment of rural nurses
- Could also provide opportunities to live learn and work in rural ommunity as part of pregistration prof education programs. Some communities endorse this and give housing to students
- Rural preceptors must also be supported
- Could make resources available for learning during work time
- Scholarships/bursaries are useful in rural areas
- Incentives like loan repayment, housing incentives
