Ch 18 : Female Reproductive System: Cervix and Start of Uterus Flashcards
This smooth cervical growth typically manifests as vaginal bleeding and discharge
Endocervical polyp
The precursor to invasive squamous cell neoplasia of the cervix
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)
CIN is a result of infection from this virus
HPV (high risk types 16, 18, 31, 33)
High risk HPV produces these proteins which act to inactivate p53 and Rb
E6 and E7, respectively
CIN usually affects this region of the cervix
Transition zone
Most pronounced changes are in the basal third of the epithelium
CIN I
Abnormal cells are present throughout the epithelium
Most pronounced changes are less than 2/3 of the cervical epithelium, affecting the lower and middle regions
CIN-2/moderate dysplasia
Dysplasia of the cervix in which the full thickness of the epithelium is affected
CIN-3
Rubin’s equates CIN-3 with severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. The key feature is that abnormal cells occupy the full thickness of the cervical epithelium with no epithelial maturation. Once you get invasion through the basement membrane it’s Invasive Carcinoma.
Presentation in the earliest stages of cervical cancer
Vaginal bleeding after intercourse or douching
This is the most important prognostic factor when considering the outcome of cervical cancer
Nodal involvement to determine clinical stage
What do you have to worry about in regards to the spread of cervical cancer? What does this put you at risk for?
You need to worry about local spread and extension into the surrounding tissue. This can cause ureteral compression leading to hydroureter, hydronephrosis, and renal failure.
Renal Failure is the most common cause of death in patients with cervical cancer
The presence of plasma cells in the endometrium should immediately make you think of…
Chronic endometritis
Your patient presents with pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea. Upon histological examination you discover endometrial glands in the myometrium of her uterus. What’s the diagnosis?
Adenomyosis
