Ch. 18 Development from Conception through Adolescence

Question 1

How long is a lunar month of pregnancy?

Answer 1

28 days

Question 2

Pregnancy is divided into 3 periods called what and how long do they last?

Answer 2

Trimesters- 3 months each

Question 3

What is vernix caseosa? What does it look like?

Answer 3

a protective covering that develops over the fetus in the 2nd trimester.
its a white, cheese-like substance that adheres to skin and may become 3 mm thick by birth

Question 4

When can a mother begin to feel fetus movement?

Answer 4

around 5 months

also time when you can hear heartbeat

Question 5

What is lanugo?

Answer 5

fine, downy hair that covers the fetuses body

Question 6

What is teratogen?

Answer 6

Anything that adversely affects normal cellular development in the embryo or fetus.

Question 7

What is Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)?

Answer 7

s result of alcohol use by the pregnant woman, is defined as impaired mitochondrial development in the fetus that leads to microrephaly, intellectual disability, learning disorders, and other central nervous system defects

Question 8

What is the rooting reflex?

Answer 8

a feeding reflex is elicited by touching the baby’s cheek, causing baby’s head to turn to side it was touched.
disappears after 4 months

Question 9

What is the moro reflex?

Why do we test this reflex

Answer 9

• loud noise is made that startles baby. infany reacts by extending both arms and legs outwards.
• assessment dont to estimate maturity of CNS
• disapears by 4 months

Question 10

What is the palmar grasp reflex?

Answer 10

small object places in babies hand causing fingers to curl around it.
-disappears after 3 months

Question 11

What is the planter reflex?

Answer 11

when object is placed by feet, toes curls around it.

-disappears around 8 months

Question 12

What is the tonic neck reflex (TNR) or fencing reflex?

Answer 12

when baby lies on its back with side to the right, the left side of the body shows a flexing of the left arm and leg.

Question 13

What is the stepping reflex (walking or dancing reflex)?

Answer 13

hold baby up so feet can be flat on a surface. legs move up and down as if walking.
-disappears after 2 months

Question 14

What is the Babinski reflex?

Answer 14

newborn: positive babinski-
-when sole of feet is stoked, big toe rises and other toes fan out
1 year old: negative babinski-
-when sole of foot is stroked, toes curl downward

Question 15

If a baby has a positive babinski after the age of 1, what can this indicate?

Answer 15

brain damage

Question 16

What is it called when an infant falls below 5th percentile or weight and height or whose growth declines across 2 percentiles on a standard growth chart over time?

Answer 16

Failure to thrive

Question 17

What is the name for acute abdominal pain in infants caused by periodic contractions of the intestines during the first 3 months of life?

Answer 17

Colic

Question 18

Infants who cry up to 10-12 hrs/day are called what?

Answer 18

colicky

Question 19

Deliberate whiplash shaking can lead to Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) which is a constellation of severe injuries including what?

Answer 19

cerebral damage
neurological defects
blindness
intellectual disabilities

Question 20

What is usually assessed in neonates 60 secs after birth and repeated 5 and 10 mins later?

Answer 20

Apgar score

Question 21

What do they look at when assessing the apgar score?

Answer 21

HR, respirations,muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color

Question 22

What test is used from birth to 6 years of age and looks at personal-social, fine motor-adapitive, language, and gross motor skills?

Answer 22

Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST-II)

Question 23

A 2yo can be expected to way how much more than it did at birth?

Answer 23

4x

Question 24

What is self-concept made of?

Answer 24

body image, feelings about the self, adaptive and defensive mechanisms, reactions from others, and our own perceptions of these reactions, attitudes, values, and many of lifes experiences.

Question 25

When does separation anxiety peak in infants?

Answer 25

8-9 months

Question 26

What are the most common causes of fatal injuries for toddlers?

Answer 26

automobile accidents, drowning, burns, poisoning, and falls

Question 27

What is amblyopia?

Answer 27

lazy-eye

one eyes visual acuity is reduced while other is non-affected

Question 28

What is strabismus?

Answer 28

cross-eyed

unequallly aligned eyes, distorting vision so that childs brain suppresses vision in one eye

Question 29

What are the 3 vision problems that occur in preschool children (4-5)?

Answer 29

Hyperopic- farsighted
Emmetropic- refracts light normally
Myopic- nearsighted

Question 30

What is the average ages of the onset of puberty for girls and boys?

Answer 30

Girls-10-14

Boys-12-16

Question 31

What is menarche?

Answer 31

onset of menstration

Question 32

What age are adolescences when the reach max height?

Answer 32

Girls-15 and 16

Boys-18 and 19

Question 33

What is physical growth highly influenced by?

Answer 33

Heredity, nutrition, medical care, illness, physical and emotional environment, family size, race, and culture

Question 34

Where are eccrine glands located and what do they produce?

Answer 34

found over most of body

produces sweat

Question 35

Where are apocrine glands located and what do they produce?

Answer 35

develop in axillae, anal,and genital areas; external auditory canals and around umbilicus and areolae of breast.
-apocrine sweat is released onto the skin in response to emotional stimuli only

Question 36

Where are sebaceous glands located and what do they produce?

Answer 36

• most active on face, neck, shoulders, upper back, chest, and genitals
• secretes sebum

Question 37

Whats the difference between primary and secondary sexual characteristics?

Answer 37

primary- necessary for reproduction
eg. testes, penis, vagina, and uterus
secondary- not needed
eg. pubic hair growth, voice changes, and breast development.