Ch. 18 Age Of Absolutism Flashcards
constitutional monarchy
a monarchy that is limited by a constitution
Absolute Monarchy
A ruler that has unlimited power and authority over his or her people they didn’t consulate with anyone else.
Divine Right of Kings
that he was divinely chosen, and he doesn’t mind making large decisions
Phillip II
This is Charles V son, and Philip is a devout Catholic like his father.
He marries Mary I of England
Lots of conflict between Spain and England, after Mary dies.
He led Roman Catholic efforts to recover parts of Europe from Protestantism. He was defeated by England and the Netherlands
Why Spain decline as a Major Power in Europe
Government was too centralized under Philip
He wanted to make every single decision under himself
The government was pretty slow, and the government stalls. Instead of appointing other people for decisions, he does it all himself.
Wealth from New World was spent on warfare
The warfare didn’t really get them anything
Inflation occurred, and it hurt the Spanish economy.
Failed to develop industry
Europe is on the verge of the industrial revolution, England developed some industry.
Spain just couldn’t compete, and they fell behind.
Huguenot
A French Protestant
Edict of Nantes
A declaration of French King Henry IV in which he promised that Protestants could live peacefully in France and were free to establish houses of worship in French cities
Henry IV
He said “Paris is well worth a mass!” He converts to Catholicism to take the throne.
Restored peace with Edict of Nantes
This allows huguenaughts to worship as they pleased, without being persecuted
Got France out of debt
Stabbed by a fanatic Catholic
Cardinal Richelieu
French Minister and chief minister of Louis XIII: he wanted to strengthen the monarchy and fought against Huguenot resistance to the catholic monarchy
30 years war
300 German princes want independence from the Holy Roman Empire
Habsburgs trying to retain power
Protestants and Catholics are still fighting
Richelieu supported the independent states (protestants)
They were rooting for France’s rivals, or anyone who can take down the hapsburg family
For the most part, they strategically remained out of most of the war
Other nations grew weak from warfare
Treaty of Utrecht
Treaty that ended the war of the Spanish succession; thwt gave the throne to Louis XIV’s grandson but also stated that France and Spain would never be ruled by the same monarch
William and Mary
Aka The glorious revolution
Parliament invited Mary and William to rule
James II had little support, and fled to France
William and Mary sign English Bill of Rights; which limits the power of the king and queen
Not allowing King to levy taxes without consent of Parliament
England on its way to becoming a constitutional monarchy; a monarchy that is limited by a constitution
Peter the great
Wanted Russia to gain warm water ports Also wanted Russia to “Westernize” Would travel around Europe Reorganized army and equipped it with better weapons Learned shipbuilding and built a navy Established capital at St. Petersburg
Catherine The Great
Continued the policies of Peter
Acquired Northern coast of the Black Sea
Partitioning of Poland
Russia, Prussia, and Austria divided up Poland 3 times from 1772-1795
Spanish Armada
A great fleet assembled by Spain in 1588 for an invasion of England
Oliver Cromwell
Lord protector of England; in 1642 he led Parliments forces in deposing King Charles 1 he became ruler of England in 1653
Charles 1 of England
King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1625 to 1649; his conflict with Parliament started the English Civil War. He was beheaded in 1649.
Charles II
King of The UK from 1660-1665 eldest son of Charles 1; he was asked by Parliament to rule England after the death of Oliver Cromwell
James I
King of Scotland and son of Mary Queen of Scots, considered an outsider by most Englanders
He is Catholic, even though most Englanders are Protestants
He believed in the divine right of kings, and stopped listening to parliament
Persecuted Puritans, Pilgrims leave
Restoration Period
Charles II accepts the invitation to restore the monarchy
Son of Charles I
Seized Dutch New Amsterdam in America (Modern Day New York)
In 1665 Bubonic plague returned
The next year, a great fire destroyed large parts of London
Tories and Whigs develop in Parliament
Tories support the succession of James II
Whigs support a strong parliament and oppose James (big on the idea of liberty, sick of absolute monarchs)
Want parliament to be stronger
Does not want this line of kings
Glorious revolution
Parliament invited Mary and William to rule
James II had little support, and fled to France
William and Mary sign English Bill of Rights; which limits the power of the king and queen
Not allowing King to levy taxes without consent of Parliament
England on its way to becoming a constitutional monarchy; a monarchy that is limited by a constitution
Louis XIII
French
Cardinal Richelieu makes the monarchy absolute
Louis XIV
The Sun King
He believed everything revolved around him
Believes in the divine right of kings, that he was divinely chosen, and he doesn’t mind making large decisions
War of the Spanish Succession (Louis gets involved with many wars, only one must be known)
This revolves around who is going to be the next king of Spain
Louis XIV wanted his son to be the King of Spain
The plan is that his son would take over Spain, and they can unite under one monarch
No one wanted France or Spain to be more powerful, and so others fought over who was going to become the King of Spain.
Louis XIV’s grandson Philip V becomes the next king of spain after the Treaty of Utrecht
Louis builds the Palace of Versailles, a small town outside of Paris
Ivan The Terrible
Good Years
Expanded Russian Territory
Increased trade
Reformed military
Bad Years
His wife dies, making him more distrustful and suspicious. He executes opponents, anyone who is a threat to him.
Killed thousands from the city of Novgorod
Accidently killed his son; no other ruler to take the throne; caused the time of troubles
Time of Troubles
Huge Famine
Invaded by Lithuania
Civil rebellions occurred
Basically chaos occurred until they found someone to take the throne.
