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Global Studies 2 > Ch. 18 Age Of Absolutism > Flashcards

Ch. 18 Age Of Absolutism Flashcards

0
Q

constitutional monarchy

A

a monarchy that is limited by a constitution

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1
Q

Absolute Monarchy

A

A ruler that has unlimited power and authority over his or her people they didn’t consulate with anyone else.

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2
Q

Divine Right of Kings

A

that he was divinely chosen, and he doesn’t mind making large decisions

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3
Q

Phillip II

A

This is Charles V son, and Philip is a devout Catholic like his father.
He marries Mary I of England
Lots of conflict between Spain and England, after Mary dies.
He led Roman Catholic efforts to recover parts of Europe from Protestantism. He was defeated by England and the Netherlands

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4
Q

Why Spain decline as a Major Power in Europe

A

Government was too centralized under Philip
He wanted to make every single decision under himself
The government was pretty slow, and the government stalls. Instead of appointing other people for decisions, he does it all himself.
Wealth from New World was spent on warfare
The warfare didn’t really get them anything
Inflation occurred, and it hurt the Spanish economy.
Failed to develop industry
Europe is on the verge of the industrial revolution, England developed some industry.
Spain just couldn’t compete, and they fell behind.

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5
Q

Huguenot

A

A French Protestant

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6
Q

Edict of Nantes

A

A declaration of French King Henry IV in which he promised that Protestants could live peacefully in France and were free to establish houses of worship in French cities

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7
Q

Henry IV

A

He said “Paris is well worth a mass!” He converts to Catholicism to take the throne.
Restored peace with Edict of Nantes
This allows huguenaughts to worship as they pleased, without being persecuted
Got France out of debt
Stabbed by a fanatic Catholic

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8
Q

Cardinal Richelieu

A

French Minister and chief minister of Louis XIII: he wanted to strengthen the monarchy and fought against Huguenot resistance to the catholic monarchy

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9
Q

30 years war

A

300 German princes want independence from the Holy Roman Empire
Habsburgs trying to retain power
Protestants and Catholics are still fighting
Richelieu supported the independent states (protestants)
They were rooting for France’s rivals, or anyone who can take down the hapsburg family
For the most part, they strategically remained out of most of the war
Other nations grew weak from warfare

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10
Q

Treaty of Utrecht

A

Treaty that ended the war of the Spanish succession; thwt gave the throne to Louis XIV’s grandson but also stated that France and Spain would never be ruled by the same monarch

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11
Q

William and Mary

A

Aka The glorious revolution
Parliament invited Mary and William to rule
James II had little support, and fled to France
William and Mary sign English Bill of Rights; which limits the power of the king and queen
Not allowing King to levy taxes without consent of Parliament
England on its way to becoming a constitutional monarchy; a monarchy that is limited by a constitution

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12
Q

Peter the great

A 
Wanted Russia to gain warm water ports
Also wanted Russia to “Westernize”
Would travel around Europe
Reorganized army and equipped it with better weapons
Learned shipbuilding and built a navy
Established capital at St. Petersburg
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13
Q

Catherine The Great

A

Continued the policies of Peter
Acquired Northern coast of the Black Sea
Partitioning of Poland
Russia, Prussia, and Austria divided up Poland 3 times from 1772-1795

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14
Q

Spanish Armada

A

A great fleet assembled by Spain in 1588 for an invasion of England

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15
Q

Oliver Cromwell

A

Lord protector of England; in 1642 he led Parliments forces in deposing King Charles 1 he became ruler of England in 1653

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16
Q

Charles 1 of England

A

King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1625 to 1649; his conflict with Parliament started the English Civil War. He was beheaded in 1649.

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17
Q

Charles II

A

King of The UK from 1660-1665 eldest son of Charles 1; he was asked by Parliament to rule England after the death of Oliver Cromwell

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18
Q

James I

A

King of Scotland and son of Mary Queen of Scots, considered an outsider by most Englanders
He is Catholic, even though most Englanders are Protestants
He believed in the divine right of kings, and stopped listening to parliament
Persecuted Puritans, Pilgrims leave

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19
Q

Restoration Period

A

Charles II accepts the invitation to restore the monarchy
Son of Charles I
Seized Dutch New Amsterdam in America (Modern Day New York)
In 1665 Bubonic plague returned
The next year, a great fire destroyed large parts of London
Tories and Whigs develop in Parliament
Tories support the succession of James II
Whigs support a strong parliament and oppose James (big on the idea of liberty, sick of absolute monarchs)
Want parliament to be stronger
Does not want this line of kings

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20
Q

Glorious revolution

A

Parliament invited Mary and William to rule
James II had little support, and fled to France
William and Mary sign English Bill of Rights; which limits the power of the king and queen
Not allowing King to levy taxes without consent of Parliament
England on its way to becoming a constitutional monarchy; a monarchy that is limited by a constitution

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21
Q

Louis XIII

A

French

Cardinal Richelieu makes the monarchy absolute

22
Q

Louis XIV

A

The Sun King
He believed everything revolved around him
Believes in the divine right of kings, that he was divinely chosen, and he doesn’t mind making large decisions
War of the Spanish Succession (Louis gets involved with many wars, only one must be known)
This revolves around who is going to be the next king of Spain
Louis XIV wanted his son to be the King of Spain
The plan is that his son would take over Spain, and they can unite under one monarch
No one wanted France or Spain to be more powerful, and so others fought over who was going to become the King of Spain.
Louis XIV’s grandson Philip V becomes the next king of spain after the Treaty of Utrecht
Louis builds the Palace of Versailles, a small town outside of Paris

23
Q

Ivan The Terrible

A

Good Years
Expanded Russian Territory
Increased trade
Reformed military
Bad Years
His wife dies, making him more distrustful and suspicious. He executes opponents, anyone who is a threat to him.
Killed thousands from the city of Novgorod
Accidently killed his son; no other ruler to take the throne; caused the time of troubles
Time of Troubles
Huge Famine
Invaded by Lithuania
Civil rebellions occurred
Basically chaos occurred until they found someone to take the throne.

24
Q

Charles V / Charles I

A

Two titles, also called Charles I
Charles the I of Spain, but Charles V of Holy Roman Empire
Spain, Belgium, Netherlands, colonies in the Americas
In 1519 Charles became the Holy Roman Emperor: He bought control of Austria, Germany, Southern Italy
Charles is a member of a wealthy German wealthy family, with lots of influence.
Problems of ruling a large empire
Enemies on all sides
Bankruptcy
Protestantism and Catholicism are different. Charles is very Catholic, and wants everyone to be Catholic. There were lots of Protestant groups who wanted to prevent that.
He spends a lot of time fighting it in the Holy Roman Empire
He is forced to sign the Peace of Augsburg
This gives each German Prince the right to decide if his state would be Catholic or Protestant.
He did not want to do this, but there was constant warfare and bankruptcy. He just had to surrender that authority.
He signs this in 1555, and gives up his throne in 1556.
He divides this between his brother, and his son. His brother gets the Holy Roman Empire, and his son gets the throne as the King of Spain.
He lives in a Spanish monastery for the rest of his life.

25
Q

Three reasons that explain why the French had a more difficult time than the Americans in setting up a republic

A

1) France didn’t have history with a republic, they were desperate, poor leadership

26
Q

5 causes of the French Revolution

A

2) 5 causes—poor leadership, weather, financial crisis, inequalities in society, and enlightenment ideas

27
Q

Why did Napoleon decide to invade Russia

A

3) Napoleon tried to invade Russia to teach Czar Alexander a lesson for not cooperating with the continental system

28
Q

Why did Napoleon Russian campaign fail?

A

4) It failed because the weather was so bad and he couldn’t live off the land.

29
Q

What are the 4 parts of the Declaration of Independence?

A

rights

30
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

Thomas Hobbes- people give up rights in order to have one person maintain rule

31
Q

John Locke

A

John Locke- Social contract, people give up some rights for protection, maintains right to liberty, life and property, if rights are violated overthrow ruler.

32
Q

Voltaire

A

Voltaire- criticizes oppressive gov and injustice, I disapprove of what you say, but will defend your right to say it”

33
Q

Rousseau

A

Rousseau-people are born good but corrupted by civilization, popular sovereignty

34
Q

Montesquieu

A

Montesquieu- described perfect gov, 3 branches

35
Q

Social Contract

A

Social contract- people enter into unsaid promises with gov

36
Q

Enlightenment

A

Enlightenment- emphasizes reason and individualism

37
Q

3 estates

A

1st estate- roman clergy, very wealthy, no taxes
2nd estate- nobles, wealth and little taxes
3rd estate- 3 categories bourgeoisie—taxed cannot hold office, san culottes—blacksmith skilled in trade, peasants—taxed heaviest, cannot own land

38
Q

Estates general

A

3 estates meet

39
Q

Tennis Court Oath

A

Tennis court Oath- 3rd estate got kicked out of building so held meetings on tennis court

40
Q

Bastille

A

Bastille- was stormed, called troops to Paris, stormed to get weapons at old prison

41
Q

Louis XVI

A

Louis XVI- calls troops to Paris during storm of Bastille

National Assembly – ended feudalism, repeal tithe, confiscated church land and sold it

42
Q

Reactionary

A

Reactionary-externs who want to turn back the clock

43
Q

Robespierre-

A

led Reign of Terror beheaded those who oppose, arrested and sent to guillotine

44
Q

Marie Antoinette

A

early victim of reign of terror

45
Q

Napoleon

A

Napoleon- captain emperor, dealt with royalist, secured French Borders

46
Q

Battle of Nile

A

Battle of Nile- naval battle France vs England

47
Q

Battle of Waterloo

A

Battle of Waterloo- napoleons final defeat

48
Q

Battle of Trafalgar

A

most decisive naval victory, Great Britain and Spain vs. France Brit win

49
Q

Conservative-

A

wants little change

50
Q

Radical

A

wants serious change

51
Q

Congress of Vienna

A

changed national boundaries, bring stability back to Europe, restore monarchs

52
Q

Age of Metternich

A

favored absolute monarchy, wanted to go back

Global Studies 2 (3 decks)

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