Ch 17; Nutrition During Growing Years

Question 1

height & weight

-infancy

Answer 1

• peak velocity during infancy
• nutrient needs per unit of body weight, highest
• weight doubles by 4-6 months; triples by 1 year
• length increases by 50% in first year

Question 2

height & weight

-childhood

Answer 2

• growth spurts
• tracks w/ height, weight, and appetite changes
• gain few inches and pounds per year

Question 3

height & weight

-adolescence

Answer 3

• transition from childhood -> adulthood
• begins w/ puberty: girls = fat, boys = muscle
• rapid phase of physical growth
• 1/3 of growth in lifetime

Question 4

body composition

• changes affect what
• water %
• lean body mass
• body fat: from birth-1, until 7, at puberty

Answer 4

• changes affect nutritional needs
• water % declines after 2-3 y.o.
• lean body mass increases w/ age
• body fat rises from birth to 1; declines until 7 y.o.; rises again until puberty. during puberty continues to rise for girls, levels off for boys

Question 5

what increases risk of stunted growth & development

Answer 5

restricting dietary intake of infants, children and teens

Question 6

internal growth

Answer 6

• kidneys
• stomach: begins secreting digestive enzymes
• intestinal tract by 4-6 months matures: no longer absorbing whole proteins, gut bacteria forms = more efficient digestion & absorption

Question 7

many organs reach adult size during ____

• brain % by 2, by 6-10
• heart and respiratory system % by age 9

Answer 7

childhood
brain -> 2: 75%
brain -> 6-10: 100%
heart and resp -> 9: 100%

Question 8

growth percentiles (growth chart)
-if changes of 2 or more

Answer 8

failure to thrive

• physical abnormalities
• nutrition problems
• feeding problems

Question 9

height ends when ____ fuse

Answer 9

epiphyses (growth plates)

Question 10

single best indicator of nutritional status in adolescence

Answer 10

growth**

Question 11

how many kcal a day for 6 month old

• what 2 things provide sufficient kcal’s
• higher energy needs include what 2 things

Answer 11

~700 kcal
-breast feeding / formula
-high energy needs:
rapid growth & metabolism rate
higher body surface area (loss of heat)

Question 12

carbohydrate needs
0-6 months
7-12 months

Answer 12

0-6: 60 grams/day

7-12: 95 grams/day

Question 13

protein needs are based on what

Answer 13

age

Question 14

fat needs for infants

• vital for what to develop
• half of energy supplied by what comes from fat

Answer 14

• vital for nervous system develop

- half of energy supplied by breast milk & formula

Question 15

water needs for infants

• met by what
• whats the usual limit unless told otherwise from doctor

Answer 15

• met by BF or formula

- when other foods introduced, 4oz/day

Question 16

iron stores depleted by how old

Answer 16

4-6 months

• iron-fortified formula for bottle fed infants
• iron supplements for breast fed infants

Question 17

zinc & iodine supplied by what

Answer 17

BF & formula

Question 18

fluoride supplement at what age range

Answer 18

6 months - 16 years

-tooth development

Question 19

vitamins and minerals needed in growing children (5)

Answer 19

1) iron (deficiency common)
2) calcium
3) zinc
4) folate
5) vitamin A & C

Question 20

vitamins & minerals needed for newborns

Answer 20

• vit D & K

- fluoride

Question 21

infant feeding techniques

Answer 21

• spitting up is normal
• burping during and after feeding (to get air out of stomach)
• monitor for signs of satiety (being full)

Question 22

readiness for solid foods (~6 months)

Answer 22

• nutritional need
• physiological capabilities
• physical abilities: control head mvmnt & sit alone w/ support, extrusion reflex weakens, chewing motion

Question 23

rate and sequence for introducing food

Answer 23

• one ingredient foods at a time

- iron-fortified rice usually first, veggies & fruits second, protein rich food 6-8 months

Question 24

foods to avoid when introducing at first

Answer 24

honey (can’t digest), peanut butter, cows milk

Question 25

what age group is the time to set lifelong healthy patterns of nutritious eating

Answer 25

toddler / preschool years

Question 26

toddler/preschool | -change in appetite

Answer 26

- growth spurts - fatigue - illness, food intolerance / allergy - 6 small meals vs. 3 large meals

Question 27

no ___, ____ or ____

Answer 27

bribes, teasing, or forcing

Question 28

food jags

Answer 28

same meal 3x's a day for over a week | -concern if not nutritious

Question 29

"picky eaters"

Answer 29

expression of independence | -never too late to stop / replace behavior

Question 30

nutritional problems | -iron-deficiency anemia

Answer 30

- poor oxygen supply to cells - comprised learning abilities - lower resistance to disease - iron-fortified cereals, lean meats - WIC

Question 31

nutritional problems | -overemphasis of low-fat diets

Answer 31

linked to eating disorders

Question 32

Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 32

- ALARMING increase in kids: obesity | - encourage low glycemic load foods

Question 33

obesity - % of school-age kids - % of obese children -> obese adults - % of obese adolescents -> obese adults

Answer 33

school-age: 15% children -> adults: 40% adolescents -> adults: 80%

Question 34

causes of childhood obesity (2)

Answer 34

``` 1) sedentary activities ~34 hours a week in front of TV, video game, or computer -recommended <14 hours/week 2) excess calorie intake -excessive snacking, fast foods -parental neglect -lack of safe play area ```

Question 35

treatment of obesity (3)

Answer 35

``` 1) encourage physical activity > 60 min/day of moderate-intense activity 2) moderate calorie intake -limit high fat & high calorie foods -focus on nutrient dense foods 3) weight loss diet may not be necessary -focus on changing habits ```

Question 36

teenager - increase appetite (when rapid growth spurt: boys/girls) - heigh growth

Answer 36

girls: 10-13 boys: 12-15 height: girls: 10 in, gain fat boys: 12 in, gain lean tissue

Question 37

factors affecting teen's food choice (4)

Answer 37

1) peer pressure* 2) body image 3) athletics & physical performance 4) substance abuse

Question 38

nutritional problems of teens (6)

Answer 38

- anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa - poor food choices - high fat intake - high sodium intake - lack of calcium rich foods - iron-deficiency anemia

Question 39

meantime should be a happy, ____ time associated with an enjoyment of ___, ____ foods

Answer 39

social time | healthy, nutritious