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Nutrition final > Ch 17; Nutrition During Growing Years > Flashcards

Ch 17; Nutrition During Growing Years Flashcards

1
Q

height & weight

-infancy

A
  • peak velocity during infancy
  • nutrient needs per unit of body weight, highest
  • weight doubles by 4-6 months; triples by 1 year
  • length increases by 50% in first year
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2
Q

height & weight

-childhood

A
  • growth spurts
  • tracks w/ height, weight, and appetite changes
  • gain few inches and pounds per year
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3
Q

height & weight

-adolescence

A
  • transition from childhood -> adulthood
  • begins w/ puberty: girls = fat, boys = muscle
  • rapid phase of physical growth
  • 1/3 of growth in lifetime
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4
Q

body composition

  • changes affect what
  • water %
  • lean body mass
  • body fat: from birth-1, until 7, at puberty
A
  • changes affect nutritional needs
  • water % declines after 2-3 y.o.
  • lean body mass increases w/ age
  • body fat rises from birth to 1; declines until 7 y.o.; rises again until puberty. during puberty continues to rise for girls, levels off for boys
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5
Q

what increases risk of stunted growth & development

A

restricting dietary intake of infants, children and teens

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6
Q

internal growth

A
  • kidneys
  • stomach: begins secreting digestive enzymes
  • intestinal tract by 4-6 months matures: no longer absorbing whole proteins, gut bacteria forms = more efficient digestion & absorption
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7
Q

many organs reach adult size during ____

  • brain % by 2, by 6-10
  • heart and respiratory system % by age 9
A

childhood
brain -> 2: 75%
brain -> 6-10: 100%
heart and resp -> 9: 100%

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8
Q 
growth percentiles (growth chart)
-if changes of 2 or more
A

failure to thrive

  • physical abnormalities
  • nutrition problems
  • feeding problems
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9
Q

height ends when ____ fuse

A

epiphyses (growth plates)

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10
Q

single best indicator of nutritional status in adolescence

A

growth**

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11
Q

how many kcal a day for 6 month old

  • what 2 things provide sufficient kcal’s
  • higher energy needs include what 2 things
A 
~700 kcal
-breast feeding / formula
-high energy needs:
rapid growth & metabolism rate
higher body surface area (loss of heat)
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12
Q

carbohydrate needs
0-6 months
7-12 months

A

0-6: 60 grams/day

7-12: 95 grams/day

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13
Q

protein needs are based on what

A

age

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14
Q

fat needs for infants

  • vital for what to develop
  • half of energy supplied by what comes from fat
A
  • vital for nervous system develop

- half of energy supplied by breast milk & formula

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15
Q

water needs for infants

  • met by what
  • whats the usual limit unless told otherwise from doctor
A
  • met by BF or formula

- when other foods introduced, 4oz/day

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16
Q

iron stores depleted by how old

A

4-6 months

  • iron-fortified formula for bottle fed infants
  • iron supplements for breast fed infants
17
Q

zinc & iodine supplied by what

A

BF & formula

18
Q

fluoride supplement at what age range

A

6 months - 16 years

-tooth development

19
Q

vitamins and minerals needed in growing children (5)

A

1) iron (deficiency common)
2) calcium
3) zinc
4) folate
5) vitamin A & C

20
Q

vitamins & minerals needed for newborns

A
  • vit D & K

- fluoride

21
Q

infant feeding techniques

A
  • spitting up is normal
  • burping during and after feeding (to get air out of stomach)
  • monitor for signs of satiety (being full)
22
Q

readiness for solid foods (~6 months)

A
  • nutritional need
  • physiological capabilities
  • physical abilities: control head mvmnt & sit alone w/ support, extrusion reflex weakens, chewing motion
23
Q

rate and sequence for introducing food

A
  • one ingredient foods at a time

- iron-fortified rice usually first, veggies & fruits second, protein rich food 6-8 months

24
Q

foods to avoid when introducing at first

A

honey (can’t digest), peanut butter, cows milk

25
Q

what age group is the time to set lifelong healthy patterns of nutritious eating

A

toddler / preschool years

26
Q

toddler/preschool

-change in appetite

A
  • growth spurts
  • fatigue
  • illness, food intolerance / allergy
  • 6 small meals vs. 3 large meals
27
Q

no ___, ____ or ____

A

bribes, teasing, or forcing

28
Q

food jags

A

same meal 3x’s a day for over a week

-concern if not nutritious

29
Q

“picky eaters”

A

expression of independence

-never too late to stop / replace behavior

30
Q

nutritional problems

-iron-deficiency anemia

A
  • poor oxygen supply to cells
  • comprised learning abilities
  • lower resistance to disease
  • iron-fortified cereals, lean meats
  • WIC
31
Q

nutritional problems

-overemphasis of low-fat diets

A

linked to eating disorders

32
Q

Type 2 Diabetes

A
  • ALARMING increase in kids: obesity

- encourage low glycemic load foods

33
Q

obesity

  • % of school-age kids
  • % of obese children -> obese adults
  • % of obese adolescents -> obese adults
A

school-age: 15%
children -> adults: 40%
adolescents -> adults: 80%

34
Q

causes of childhood obesity (2)

A 
1) sedentary activities
~34 hours a week in front of TV, video game, or computer
-recommended <14 hours/week
2) excess calorie intake
-excessive snacking, fast foods
-parental neglect
-lack of safe play area
35
Q

treatment of obesity (3)

A 
1) encourage physical activity
> 60 min/day of moderate-intense activity
2) moderate calorie intake
-limit high fat & high calorie foods
-focus on nutrient dense foods
3) weight loss diet may not be necessary
-focus on changing habits
36
Q

teenager

  • increase appetite (when rapid growth spurt: boys/girls)
  • heigh growth
A

girls: 10-13
boys: 12-15

height:

girls: 10 in, gain fat
boys: 12 in, gain lean tissue

37
Q

factors affecting teen’s food choice (4)

A

1) peer pressure*
2) body image
3) athletics & physical performance
4) substance abuse

38
Q

nutritional problems of teens (6)

A
  • anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa
  • poor food choices
  • high fat intake
  • high sodium intake
  • lack of calcium rich foods
  • iron-deficiency anemia
39
Q

meantime should be a happy, ____ time associated with an enjoyment of ___, ____ foods

A

social time

healthy, nutritious

Nutrition final (3 decks)

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