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Nutrition final > Ch 16; Pregnancy and Breastfeeding > Flashcards

Ch 16; Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Flashcards

1
Q

normal full term of pregnancy

  • weeks
  • weight of infant
A
  • > 37 weeks

- > 5.5lbs usually 7.5lbs

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2
Q

pre-term

  • weeks
  • birth weight
  • complications
A
  • before 37 weeks
  • <5.5lbs
  • medical & nutritional problems
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3
Q

small for gestational age means what

A

weight less than expected for gestational age

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4
Q

LBW; Low Birth Weight

  • linked with what
  • more likely to have medical and nutritional complications related to: (4)
A
  • supoptimal maternal nutrition and calorie intake
    1) blood glucose control
    2) temp reg
    3) growth & devel in early weeks following birth
    4) more body fat in childhood -> obesity related chronic diseases
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5
Q

critical period for cell development (2)

A

1) trimesters
- most critical period during FIRST trimester
- spontaneous abortion
2) nourishing zygote, embryo, and fetus
- placenta
- umbilical cord

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6
Q

energy requirement during pregnancy increase to due (4)

A

1) increased maternal body mass
2) fetal growth
3) increased cardiac work
4) increased respiratory work

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7
Q

energy needs; how many extra kcal during 2nd and 3rd trimester
-what is NOT recommended

A
  • 350 kcal in 2nd

- 450 kcal in 3rd

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8
Q

nutrients needed for building new cells (5)

A

protein, fatty acids, zinc, folate & b-12, and iron

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9
Q

prego (lbs you can gain)

  • underweight
  • normal
  • overweight
  • obese
A

under: 28-40 lbs
normal: 25-35
overweight: 15-25
obese: 11-20

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10
Q

nutrients needed for bone & tooth devel (2)

A

calcium & vit D

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11
Q

myth of “cravings”

A
  • unknown cause

- no evidence that they’re related to nutrient deficiencies

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12
Q

pica

  • what it is
  • dangers
A
  • eating disorder by compulsion to eat things that ARE NOT FOOD
  • dangers: toxic, block intestines, impair mineral absorption
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13
Q

pagophagia

A

the want / eating of ice or freezer frost

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14
Q

geophagia

A

eating of clay or dirt

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15
Q

amylophagia

A

eating dried paste (chalk, laundry starch, or corn starch)

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16
Q

diet & exercise for pregnancy

  • greatly increase what, but only slightly increase what
  • women who exercise
A
  • greatly increase nutrient needs, but only slightly increase calorie needs
  • women who exercise: may need more than typical increase of 350-450 kcal/d
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17
Q

healthy diet for prego mom

  • kcal
  • what 2 aids can help provide assistance
  • folic acid intake daily
  • dietary fiber intake
  • exclude what
A
  • provide sufficient kcal’s
  • WIC & SNAP can assist in healthy diet
  • 400 mg folic acid daily
  • 25-35 dietary fiber g/d
  • exclude alcohol & coffee
18
Q

benefits of physical activity when prego (4)

-& recommended activity time

A

1) improved cardiovascular function
2) easier labor
3) improved attitude
4) reduce risk of gestational diabetes
- moderate activity, 30 min a day

19
Q

diseases affecting pregnancy outcome (3)

A

1) AIDS
- ONLY disease recommended not to breast feed
2) preg-induced hypertension
- preeclampsia to eclampsia
3) diabetes mellitus (gestational)
- hormones interact w/ insulin to resist insulin -> no glucose

20
Q

normal physiologic changes during preg

-blood volume expansion (2)

A
  • blood volume increases 20%

- edema (fluid filled)

21
Q

WIC has what tied to it

A

women, infant, children

-tied to nutrition education

22
Q

normal physiologic changes during preg

-hemodilution

A

blood concentration of most vitamin & minerals decrease (unless mom eats nutritiously)
-blood volume increases, blood concentration decreases

23
Q

normal physiologic changes during preg

-maternal organ and tissues

A
  • enlarge

- heart, thyroid, liver, kidneys, uterus, breasts, adipose tissue

24
Q

normal physiologic changes during preg

-circulatory system (2)

A
  • increase cardiac output (increase HR & SV)

- decreased blood pressure in FIRST half of pregnancy (normalized in second half)

25
Q

normal physiologic changes during preg

-respiratory system (2)

A
  • increased tidal volume 30-40%

- increased O2 consumption

26
Q

normal physiologic changes during preg

-food intake

A
  • increased appetite and food intake
  • weight gain
  • taste and odor changes (2/3 of women experience this)
  • increased thirst
27
Q

normal physiologic changes during preg

  • gastointestinal
  • morning sickness %
  • puking w/ hospitalization %
A

-constipation
-nausea/vomitting
70-85% of pregnancies: “morning” sickness
10-20%: hyperemesis gravidarium (hardcore puking, need hospital)

28
Q

lactation

  • milk production promoted by
  • release of milk from breast
A

milk production promoted by PROLACTIN

  • stimulated by suckling
  • release of milk from breast -> LET-DOWN REFLEX
29
Q

breastfeeding nutritional benefits for infant (4)

A

1) optimal nutrition for infant
2) lower protein content than cow’s milk
3) easy to digest
4) DHA present, optimal for development of CNS

30
Q

milk types & composition (3)

A

1) colostrum (first 2-3 days after birth)
- high in protein
- high in lymphocytes, neutrophils & macrophages: IMMUNE FACTORS
2) transitional milk
3) mature milk (week)
- 20 kcal/oz

31
Q

breast milk nutrients drawn from maternal ____ and nutrient ___

A

diet, stores

32
Q

what is the main component of breast milk

-how many extra ounces a day (for breastfeeding mom)

A

water

-32

33
Q

calories needed for breast feeding mom

A

400-500 calories daily

34
Q

benefits of breast feeding for infants (3)

A

1) cognitive function enhanced
2) reduced morbidity: diarrhea, vomitting, ear infections, dental caries (compared to formula)
3) socioeconomic -> fewer illnesses = fewer health care costs

35
Q

Healthy People 2020’s goal is what

A

for the country!

36
Q 
American Academy of Pediatrics
BF infant, optimal duration
-exclusive BF for how long
-combination of BF & food until when
-when to stop BF
A
  • exclusive for first 6 months
  • BF & solid food until at least 12 months
  • BF as long as desired by mom & baby
37
Q

WHO
BF infant, optimal duration
-exclusive BF for how long
-combination of BF & food for how long

A
  • first 6 months

- up to 2 years or more

38
Q

Healthy People 2020 goals

  • how many ppl BF at hospital discharge
  • BF for 6 months
  • BF for 1 year
A

hospital: 82%
6 months: 61%
1 year: 34%

39
Q

single most important influence on woman’s decision to BF is ____

A

partner’s attitude

40
Q

WIC provides what for women, infants and children (4)

A

1) nutritional assessment
2) education & counseling
3) food supplements
4) access to health services

Nutrition final (3 decks)

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