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Rad Lecture > Ch. 17 Lecture Notes > Flashcards

Ch. 17 Lecture Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Components of the alimentary canal:

A
  • Mouth
  • Pharynx
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small intestine
  • Large intestine
  • Terminates at anus
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2
Q

Function of esophagus:

A

Convey food and saliva from laryngopharynx to stomach

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3
Q

Esophagus originates at:

A

C6

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4
Q

The esophagus joins the stomach at the esophagogastric juntion at:

A

T11

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5
Q

The expanded terminal end of the esophagus is:

A

the cardiac antrum

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6
Q

What are the four parts of the stomach?

A
  • Cardia
  • Fundus
  • Body
  • Pyloric portion
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7
Q

What portion of the stomach surrounds the esophageal opening?

A

The cardia

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8
Q

What part of the stomach is superior and fills the left hemidiaphragm?

A

The fundus

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9
Q

The interior of the stomach contains numerous longitudinal folds called:

A

Rugae

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10
Q

The last portion of the stomach is the _____. It consists of________ and ______.

A

Pyloric portion.

consists of the pyloric antrum and narrowed pyloric canal.

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11
Q

This portion of the stomach is a sharp angle at the esophagogastric junction.

A

Cardiac notch

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12
Q

The ______ is the opening between the esophagus and the stomach and the ______ controls the opening.

A

Cardiac orifice.

Cardiac sphincter.

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13
Q

The _______ is the opening between the stomach and the small intestine and ______ controls the opening.

A

Pyloric orifice.

Pyloric sphincter

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14
Q

The average emptying time for the stomach is:

A

2-3 hours

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15
Q

Where is peristalsis the greatest?

A

In the stomach and duodenum.

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16
Q

Exposure time for normal peristaltic activity in stomach is:

A

0.2 seconds

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17
Q

For esophagus projections, the CR usually enters:

A

At level of T5-T6

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18
Q

The PA stomach projection best demonstrates:

A

Stomach contour and duodenal bulb

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19
Q

PA oblique stomach (RAO) best demonstrates:

A

The pyloric canal and the duodenum

Duodenal bulb and loop in profile

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20
Q

PA axial stomach best demonstrates:

A

Greater and lesser curvatures in hypersthenic patients

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21
Q

AP oblique stomach (LPO) best demonstrates:

A

Fundus of the stomach

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22
Q

The recumbent right lateral stomach demonstrates:

A

Right retrogastric space, duodenal loop, and duodenojejunal junction

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23
Q

AP stomach with Trendelenburg best demonstrates:

A

Hiatal hernia (where part of the stomach sticks up in the chest through the diaphragm)

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24
Q

The small intestine extends from:

A

The pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve

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25
Q

What are the 3 portions of the small intestine?

A
  • Duodenum
  • Jejunum
  • Ileum
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26
Q

What is the largest part of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum

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27
Q

The duodenum and jejunum are both attached to the posterior abdominal wall by:

A

Mesentary

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28
Q

What ways is Barium administered into the small intestine?

A
  • Orally
  • Reflux filling via large-volume barium enema
  • Direct injection via a tube placed into the small bowel (termed enteroclysis)
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29
Q

Patient prep for small intestine exam:

A
  • Soft or low residue diet for 2 days prior
  • Food and fluid withheld after the evening meal day before exam
  • cleansing enema for colon may be administered
30
Q

When is the first image of small intestine usually taken after ingestion of Barium?

A

15 minutes

31
Q

The four main parts of the large intestine are:

A
  • Cecum
  • Colon
  • Rectum
  • Anal canal
32
Q

The series of pouches along the large intestine are called:

33
Q

What is the opening between the small intestine and the colon called?

A

The ileocecal valve

34
Q

The pouch-like portion below the junction of the ileum and colon in the large intestine is:

35
Q

What are the portions of the colon?

A
  • Ascending colon
  • Transverse colon
  • Descending colon
  • Sigmoid colon
36
Q

The vermiform appendix is attached to:

37
Q

What is the sharp angle at the ascending and transverse colon?

A

The right colic flexure

38
Q

What is the sharp angle at the junction of the transverse and the descending colon?

A

The left colic flexure

39
Q

What forms an s-shaped loop and ends at the rectum?

A

The sigmoid colon

40
Q

The rectum extends from:

A

The sigmoid colon to the anal canal and terminates at anus

41
Q

Patient prep for large intestine:

A
  • Restricted diet
  • Laxatives
  • Bowel cleansing enema
42
Q

Enema bags have a capacity of:

43
Q

The temperature of the Barium suspension should be:

A

Below body temperature

Around 85-90 degrees

44
Q

The enema tip should be inserted:

A

1-1.5” anteriorly, then slightly superior.

total distance should never be more than 4”

45
Q

The AP and PA projection of large intestine best demonstrates:

A

The entire colon

46
Q

PA axial large intestine best demonstrates:

A

Rectosigmoid area

47
Q

RAO large intestine best demonstrates:

A

Right colic flexure, ascending colon, and sigmoid

48
Q

LAO large intestine best demonstrates:

A

Left colic flexure and descending colon

49
Q

AP axial large intestine best demonstrates:

A

Rectosigmoid area

50
Q

Lateral large intestine best demonstrates:

A

Rectosigmoid

51
Q

LPO large intestine best demonstrates:

A

Right colic flexure, ascending colon, and sigmoid colon

52
Q

RPO large intestine best demonstrates:

A

Left colic flexure and descending colon

53
Q

On right or left lateral decubitus projections the side____ is of interest.

A

Up - the air side.

54
Q

Right lateral decubitus position demonstrates:

A
  • The medial side of the ascending colon

- The lateral side of the descending colon

55
Q

Left lateral decubitus position demonstrates:

A
  • The lateral side of the ascending colon

- The medial side of the descending colon

56
Q

What is the largest gland in the body?

57
Q

What quadrant is the liver located in?

A

Upper right quadrant

58
Q

How many lobes does the liver have?

A

2 lobes

-Right lobe is larger and contains 2 minor lobes

59
Q

What two vessels supply blood to the liver?

A

The portal vein and the hepatic artery

60
Q

What is the area on the right lobe where vessels enter and leave?

61
Q

What is the function of the liver?

A

The formation of bile

62
Q

How much bile does the liver secrete per day?

63
Q

Bile secretion:

A
  • Emulsifies fats

- Carried to the gallbladder or to the duodenum

64
Q

Bile excretion:

A
  • Consists of bile ducts and gallbladder
  • two main hepatic ducts in liver (right and left)
  • Right and left hepatic ducts join to form the common hepatic duct
  • The common hepatic duct unites with cystic duct to form common bile duct
65
Q

The common bile duct joins with the pancreatic duct to form the:

A

Hepatopancreatic ampulla (AKA Ampulla of Vater)

66
Q

The ampulla of Vater is controlled by:

A

The sphincter of Oddi

67
Q

What is the function of the gallbladder?

A

To store and concentrate bile

68
Q

What hormone stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release bile?

A

Colecystokinin

69
Q

What are the functions of the pancreas?

A
  • Exocrine: Cells produce and secrete digestive juice

- Endocrine: Islets of Langerhans (cells that produce insulin and glucagon)

70
Q

What system is the spleen part of?

A

The lymphatic system

71
Q

What is the function of the spleen?

A
  • To produce lymphocytes

- Store and remove dead RBCs

Rad Lecture (6 decks)

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