Ch. 17: Building Arguments Flashcards
Argument
Process of advancing claims supported by evidence and reasoning
Argument Model
Developed for understanding the critical components of effective arguments; these elements include claims, evidence, evidence credibility statements, warrants, qualifiers, and rebuttals
Claims
Assertions or points that a speaker advocates
Evidence
Used to substantiate a speaker’s claim and may take several forms including statistics, analogies, facts, examples, and testimony
Evidence and Credibility Statements
Brief statements that establish the quality of the information you are using to support your ideas
Qualifier
To admit exceptions and demonstrate that argumentation is not exact science
Rebuttals
To state the other sides or counterarguments to your position, and attack them directly
Warrants
Provide the justification and reasoning to connect the evidence with your claims
Counterarguments
The other sides of your opinion
Credibility
Audience’s perceptions about the speaker’s competence, character and goodwill
Character
Listeners perceive a speaker to possess good character if the speaker is honest, trustworthy, and have the listener’s best interests in mind
Competence
Listeners perceive a speaker to be competent if the speaker is prepared, organized, and knowledgeable
Derived Credibility
Credibility a speaker develops during the speech
Goodwill
Audience’s perception of how much the speaker is concerned about them
Initial Credibility
Credibility before the speaker gives the speech