Ch 17 Blood

Question 1

Components of blood

Answer 1

plasma 55%, formed elements 45%

Question 2

plasma makes up ___ % of blood

Answer 2

55%

Question 3

formed elements make up ____ % of blood

Answer 3

45%

Question 4

what makes up formed elements found in blood?

Answer 4

1. Erythrocytes (RBC)
2. Leukocytes (WBC)
3. Thrombocytes=platelets

Question 5

Plasma

Answer 5

90% water
8% proteins

Question 6

water makes up ___% of plasma?

Answer 6

90%

Question 7

proteins found in plasma?

Answer 7

1. Albumin (60%) - osmotic pressure
2. Gamma globulins - antibodies
3. Fibrinogen (4%)

Question 8

Albumin found in plasma has what function?

Answer 8

osmotic pressure

Question 9

Erythrocytes are what type of blood cell?

Answer 9

Red blood cell (RBC)

Question 10

leukocytes are what type of blood cell?

Answer 10

white blood cell (WBC)

Question 11

99% of formed elements is what cell?

Answer 11

erythrocytes (RBC)

Question 12

thrombocytes is also known as?

Answer 12

platelets

Question 13

platelets have what function?

Answer 13

cell fragments

Question 14

3 characteristics of blood

Answer 14

1. more viscous (thicker) than water
2. temp = 100.4 F
3. pH= 7.35-7.45

Question 15

temp. of blood

Answer 15

100.4 F

Question 16

pH of blood

Answer 16

7.35-7.45

Question 17

3 functions of blood

Answer 17

1. transportation
2. regulation
3. protection

Question 18

transportation in blood function

Answer 18

of gases, nutrients and wastes
(always true asking if it carries anything)

Question 19

regulation of bloods function

Answer 19

maintain homeostasis

Question 20

protection of bloods function

Answer 20

immunity (prevent blood loss) and clotting

Question 21

hematopoiesis

Answer 21

making blood cells from stem cells in red bone marrow using hormones

Question 22

Erythrocytes (RBC) hormone

Answer 22

stem cell + erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 23

thrombocytes (platelet) hormone

Answer 23

stem cell + thrombopoietin (liver)

Question 24

Erythrocytes shape -

Answer 24

biconcave shaped with no mitochondria or nucleus

Question 25

Erythrocytes function -

Answer 25

transport O2 and CO2

Question 26

Erythrocytes pigment =

Answer 26

hemoglobin = heme, globin, and Fe (iron)

Question 27

Erythrocytes life span =

Answer 27

120 days recycled in the spleen/liver. (iron to liver, heme to bilirubin, global to AA's)

Question 28

Erythropoiesis

Answer 28

making RBCs

Question 29

Erythropoiesis hormone

Answer 29

EPO (erythropoietin)

Question 30

Erythropoiesis stimuli =

Answer 30

hypoxia (low O2 levels) / anemia

Question 31

Erythropoiesis production site =

Answer 31

kidney

Question 32

Erythropoiesis target site =

Answer 32

red bone marrow

Question 33

Erythropoiesis action =

Answer 33

increase RBCs (increase 02 levels)

Question 34

Leukocytes shape =

Answer 34

WBC have nucleus, no hemoglobin and move like an amoeba

Question 35

Erythropoiesis : RBC production

Answer 35

1. hormone =EPO (erythropoietin) 2. Stimuli = hypoxia (low O2 levels)/anemia 3. Production site = kidney 4. Target site = red bone marrow 5. Action = increase RBCs (increase O2 levels)

Question 36

types of Leukocytes

Answer 36

granulocytes (BEN) agranulocytes (LM)

Question 37

3 types of Granulocytes

Answer 37

basophil, eosinophils, neutrophil.

Question 38

2 types of Agranulocytes

Answer 38

lymphocytes, monocytes

Question 39

basophil

Answer 39

.5% histamine release (allergy/inflammation)

Question 40

eosinophil

Answer 40

2% antihistamine effect, destroy parasitic worms

Question 41

neutrophil

Answer 41

60% phagocytosis

Question 42

monocytes

Answer 42

3% become macrophages = phagocytosis

Question 43

lymphocyte

Answer 43

20% B and T cells = immune response

Question 44

thrombocytes life span

Answer 44

10 days

Question 45

thrombocytes function=

Answer 45

blood clotting (coagulation)

Question 46

thrombocytes stem cell to ____ to ____ to _____

Answer 46

stem cell to megakaryoblast (immature) to megakaryocytes to platelets (fragments)

Question 47

hemostasis

Answer 47

stoppage of blood loss

Question 48

steps of hemostasis

Answer 48

1. vascular spasm 2. platelet plug formation 1. adhesion 2. release reaction 3. aggregation 3. coagulation 1. intrinsic or extrinsic injury factors lead to production of prothrombin activator. 2. prothrombin activator converts prothrombin to thrombin 3. thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin = clot

Question 49

fibrinolysis

Answer 49

removing the clot clot chemicals convert plasminogen (inactive) into plasmin (active) breaks up the clot