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BSC 2086 Exam 1 > Ch 17 Blood > Flashcards

Ch 17 Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Components of blood

A

plasma 55%, formed elements 45%

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2
Q

plasma makes up ___ % of blood

A

55%

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3
Q

formed elements make up ____ % of blood

A

45%

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4
Q

what makes up formed elements found in blood?

A
  1. Erythrocytes (RBC)
  2. Leukocytes (WBC)
  3. Thrombocytes=platelets
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5
Q

Plasma

A

90% water
8% proteins

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6
Q

water makes up ___% of plasma?

A

90%

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7
Q

proteins found in plasma?

A
  1. Albumin (60%) - osmotic pressure
  2. Gamma globulins - antibodies
  3. Fibrinogen (4%)
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8
Q

Albumin found in plasma has what function?

A

osmotic pressure

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9
Q

Erythrocytes are what type of blood cell?

A

Red blood cell (RBC)

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10
Q

leukocytes are what type of blood cell?

A

white blood cell (WBC)

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11
Q

99% of formed elements is what cell?

A

erythrocytes (RBC)

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12
Q

thrombocytes is also known as?

A

platelets

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13
Q

platelets have what function?

A

cell fragments

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14
Q

3 characteristics of blood

A
  1. more viscous (thicker) than water
  2. temp = 100.4 F
  3. pH= 7.35-7.45
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15
Q

temp. of blood

A

100.4 F

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16
Q

pH of blood

A

7.35-7.45

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17
Q

3 functions of blood

A
  1. transportation
  2. regulation
  3. protection
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18
Q

transportation in blood function

A

of gases, nutrients and wastes
(always true asking if it carries anything)

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19
Q

regulation of bloods function

A

maintain homeostasis

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20
Q

protection of bloods function

A

immunity (prevent blood loss) and clotting

21
Q

hematopoiesis

A

making blood cells from stem cells in red bone marrow using hormones

22
Q

Erythrocytes (RBC) hormone

A

stem cell + erythropoietin (EPO)

23
Q

thrombocytes (platelet) hormone

A

stem cell + thrombopoietin (liver)

24
Q

Erythrocytes shape -

A

biconcave shaped with no mitochondria or nucleus

25
Q

Erythrocytes function -

A

transport O2 and CO2

26
Q

Erythrocytes pigment =

A

hemoglobin = heme, globin, and Fe (iron)

27
Q

Erythrocytes life span =

A

120 days recycled in the spleen/liver.
(iron to liver, heme to bilirubin, global to AA’s)

28
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

making RBCs

29
Q

Erythropoiesis hormone

A

EPO (erythropoietin)

30
Q

Erythropoiesis stimuli =

A

hypoxia (low O2 levels) / anemia

31
Q

Erythropoiesis production site =

A

kidney

32
Q

Erythropoiesis target site =

A

red bone marrow

33
Q

Erythropoiesis action =

A

increase RBCs (increase 02 levels)

34
Q

Leukocytes shape =

A

WBC
have nucleus, no hemoglobin and move like an amoeba

35
Q

Erythropoiesis : RBC production

A
  1. hormone =EPO (erythropoietin)
  2. Stimuli = hypoxia (low O2 levels)/anemia
  3. Production site = kidney
  4. Target site = red bone marrow
  5. Action = increase RBCs (increase O2 levels)
36
Q

types of Leukocytes

A

granulocytes (BEN)
agranulocytes (LM)

37
Q

3 types of Granulocytes

A

basophil, eosinophils, neutrophil.

38
Q

2 types of Agranulocytes

A

lymphocytes, monocytes

39
Q

basophil

A

.5%
histamine release (allergy/inflammation)

40
Q

eosinophil

A

2%
antihistamine effect, destroy parasitic worms

41
Q

neutrophil

A

60%
phagocytosis

42
Q

monocytes

A

3%
become macrophages = phagocytosis

43
Q

lymphocyte

A

20%
B and T cells = immune response

44
Q

thrombocytes life span

A

10 days

45
Q

thrombocytes function=

A

blood clotting (coagulation)

46
Q

thrombocytes
stem cell to ____ to ____ to _____

A

stem cell to megakaryoblast (immature) to megakaryocytes to platelets (fragments)

47
Q

hemostasis

A

stoppage of blood loss

48
Q

steps of hemostasis

A
  1. vascular spasm
  2. platelet plug formation
    1. adhesion
    2. release reaction
    3. aggregation
  3. coagulation
    1. intrinsic or extrinsic injury factors lead to production of prothrombin activator.
    2. prothrombin activator converts prothrombin to thrombin
    3. thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin = clot
49
Q

fibrinolysis

A

removing the clot
clot chemicals convert plasminogen (inactive) into plasmin (active) breaks up the clot

BSC 2086 Exam 1 (4 decks)

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