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Microbio > Ch 17 > Flashcards

Ch 17 Flashcards

1
Q

T or F. Adaptive immunity is considered a dual system with humoral and cellular comments

A

T

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2
Q

T and B cells develop from stem cells in ____ ___ ___

A

Red bone marrow

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3
Q

___ immunity describes immunity brought about by protective molecules called antibodies

A

Humoral

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4
Q

_ cells mature in bone marrow

A

B

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5
Q

_ cells/lymphocytes remove viruses, bacteria, and toxins from body tissue fluids and blood by recognizing antigens and making antibodies against them

A

B

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6
Q

Cellular immunity is due to _ cells

A

T

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7
Q

_ cells mature in the thymus

A

T

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8
Q

___ (Ag): a substance that causes body to procure specific antibodies or sensitized T cells

A

Antigen

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9
Q

Antibodies recognize and interact with specific regions on antigens called epitopes or _____ _____

A

Antigenic determinants

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10
Q

T or F. A foreign substance that has a low molecular weight is often not antigenic unless attached to a carrier molecule

A

T

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11
Q

The low molecular weight compounds (foreign substance) attached to a carrier molecular is a____

A

Hapten

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12
Q

Immunoglobulin classes

The name IgG is derived from the blood fraction ___ ___

A

Gamma globulin

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13
Q

T or F. IgG accounts for 80% of antibodies in serum. Is the MOST abundant

A

T

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14
Q

T or F. Maternal IgG antibodies can cross placenta to confer passive immunity to fetus which protects it and the newborn

A

T

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15
Q

Are the IgG two or five monomers or Y shaped?

A

Y shaped

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16
Q

T or F. IgM are second to come to area

A

F. They are first!

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17
Q

T or F IgM are for first antibodies produced in response to infection

A

T

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18
Q

IgM works by _____

A

Agglutination

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19
Q

___ is most common antibody found in body secretions, mucous membranes and breast milk.

A

IgA

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20
Q

IgD resembles molecule Ig_?

A

G

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21
Q

IgD antibodies are found in ___,____, and surfaces of _ cells.

A

IgD is found in lymph, blood, surface of B cells

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22
Q

Ig_ on B cells, imitate immune response

A

G

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23
Q

T or F. IgA is found in gastrointestinal tract

A

T

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24
Q

Ig_ is found on mast cells, basophils and in blood

A

E

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25
Q

T or F. IgE are found on specialized cells that participate on allergic reactions

A

T

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26
Q

IgG, IgE, IgD are monomers or dimer?

A

Monomers

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27
Q

Monomers are Ig_, Ig_, and Ig_

A

IgG IgE IgD

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28
Q

T or F IgA is a dimer

A

T

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29
Q

Ig_ is a dimer

A

IgA

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30
Q

Ig_ is a pentamer

A

M

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31
Q

Ig_ is a pentamer

A

IgM

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32
Q

T or F. B cells are activated when their immunoglobulin bind with the epitope /antigenic determinants

A

T

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33
Q

T or F. B cells usually require the assistance of T helper cells

A

T

34
Q

An antigen that requires the help of a T helper cell for antibody production is a _ dependent antigen

A

T

35
Q

T or F. T dependent antigens are mainly proteins such as those found on viruses, bacteria, foreign red blood cells, and happens with their carrier molecules.

A

T

36
Q

T independent antigens stimulate _ cell to make antobodies

A

B

37
Q

T or F. T independent cells produce cytokines that activate B cell

A

F. T helper cells produces cytokines that active the B cell

38
Q

T or F. After Antibodies have been exposed to T dependent antigen, they don’t need B and T cells to be activated in order to be produced

A

F. B and T must be activated and interact for antibodies to be produced

39
Q

The major histocompatibility complies MHC is a collection of ____ that encode molecules of ______ diverse glycoproteins.

A

Genes genetic

40
Q

T or F. MHC identify “self” preventing the immune system from making antibodies that would harm the host

A

T

41
Q

_ _ _ are expressed on mammalian cells

A

M h c

42
Q

___ ____ eliminates harmful B cells

A

Clonal deletion

43
Q

T or F. Harmful B cells are usually eliminated at the immature lymphocyte stage

A

T

44
Q

Antigen-Antibody Binding.
T or F. An antiBODY binds to an antigen for example, bacterium at a specific portion called the epitope/antigenic determinant

A

T

45
Q

Antigen-Antibody Binding.
In ______ the antigen, such as bacterium is coated with antibodies or complement proteins that enhance its ingestion and lysis by phagocytic cells.

A

Opsonization

46
Q

Antigen-Antibody Binding.

In _____ antibodies cause antigens to clump together

A

Agglutination

47
Q

T or F. Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity is during opsonization when target organism becomes coated with antibodies however, the target cell is destroyed by immune system cells that remain external to target cell.

A

T

48
Q

T or F. Neutralization: IgG antibodies inactivate microbes by blocking their attachment to host cells and neutralize toxins in a similar manner.

A

T

49
Q

T or F. IgG or IgM antibodies may trigger activation of the complement system

A

T

50
Q

Thymic selection eliminates many immature _ cells

A

T

51
Q

T cells mature in the ____

A

Thymus

52
Q

T helper 1 or 2 activates macrophages, Tc cells and natural killer cells

A

T helper 1

53
Q

T helper 1 or 2 stimulate production of eosinophil, IgM and IgE

A

T helper 2

54
Q

T or F. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) generated from Tc cells (T cytotoxic cell)

A

T

55
Q

_____ _ _____ destroys target cell on contact

A

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte destroy target cell on contact

56
Q

___ regulatory cell regulates immune response and helps maintain tolerance

A

T

57
Q

T or F. Activated macrophage attacks cancer cells

A

T

58
Q

_____ ____ enhanced phagocytic activity

A

Activated macrophage enhanced phagocytic activity

59
Q

____ ____ ____ attack and destroy target cells and participate in antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity

A

Natural killer cells

60
Q

T cells require ____ _____ cells

A

T cells require antigen presenting cells

61
Q 
T helper cells produce cytokines and differentiate into
T H _ 
T H _ 
T H _ _ 
\_\_\_\_\_\_ cells
A 
T helper cells differentiate into 
TH1
TH2
TH17
memory cells
62
Q

Which T H causes inflammation

A

T h 17

63
Q

T cytotoxic cells CTL release perforin and an enzyme that induces apoptosis called ____

A

Granzymes

64
Q

CTL induces _____ in target cell “death of cell

A

Apoptosis

65
Q

Dendritic cells and activated macrophage are examples of antigen fragments on a ____ ____ ____ surface with major histocompatibility complex.

A

Antigen presenting cell

66
Q

T or F. Natural killer cells have to be activated with enzymes

A

F natural killer cells do not need to be activated by enzymes

67
Q

_____ _____ ____ kill virus infected and tumor cells and attack parasites

A

Natural killer cells

68
Q

____ are chemical messengers in which WBC communicate

A

Cytokines

69
Q

Overproduction of cytokines leads to ___ ___

A

Cytokines storm

70
Q

_____ stimulate cells to produce more cytokines

A

Cytokines

71
Q

Is Ebola an example of cytokines storm?

A

Yes

72
Q

In types of adaptive immunity

Active means body makes or does not makes antibodies?

A

Does make it!

73
Q

In types of adaptive immunity passive means your body does or doesn’t make antibodies?

A

Doesn’t

74
Q

Naturally acquires active immunity develops when a person is exposed to ___ throughout life, becomes ill and then recovers.

A

Antigens

75
Q

Natural acquired active immunity comes from ____ and you produce _____

A

Infections. Antibodies

76
Q

Naturally acquired passive immunity involves the ____ transfer of _____ from a mother to her infant

A

Natural transfer , antibodies

77
Q

Artificially acquired active immunity are _____ also called immunization.

A

Vaccinations

78
Q

Which type of adaptive immunity introduces vaccines into the body

A

Artificially acquired active immunity

79
Q

Artificially acquired passive immunity does or doesn’t make antibodies

A

Doesn’t

80
Q

Which type of adaptive immunity involves injection of antibodies rather than antigens in the body

A

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Microbio (4 decks)

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