Ch 15

Question 1

Which is the most common portal of entry for mucous membranes ?

Answer 1

Respiratory tract

Question 2

T or F. ID50 & LD50 determine strength of microorganism

Answer 2

T

Question 3

____ stands for infectious dose for 50% of test population

Answer 3

ID50

Question 4

______ stands for lethal dose of a toxin for 50% of test population

Answer 4

LD

Question 5

If LD50 for botulinum toxin is 0.03kg and shiga toxin is 250kg which is stronger?

Answer 5

Botulinum because less amount is required to do more harm

Question 6

T or F. If pathogen has a capsule it is more virulent

Answer 6

T

Question 7

____ prevent phagocytosis

Answer 7

Capsules

Question 8

___ protein resist phagocytosis

Answer 8

M

Question 9

____ and fimbriae helps attach to host cell, then host cdll takes in bacteria. This also inhibits T helper cells

Answer 9

Opa

Question 10

____ ____ (waxy lipid) that resist digestion by phagocytes so they reproduce inside the phagocytes.

Answer 10

Mycolic acid

Question 11

Bacteria use ____ to survive phagocytosis

Answer 11

Enzymes

Question 12

These are examples of \_\_\_\_\_ to \_\_\_ \_\_\_\_
Use host’s nutrients
Direct Damage
Production of toxins
Hypersensitive Reactions
Disrupt host cell function
Produce waste products
Toxins

Answer 12

Damage to host cells

Question 13

Exotoxins classification (by location)
\_\_\_\_-toxin effects nervous system. And is the most leather

Answer 13

Neuro

Question 14

Exotoxins classification (by location)
\_\_\_\_-toxin effects digestive system. (Lining of intestinal tract)

Answer 14

Enterotoxin

Question 15

Exotoxins classification (by location)
\_\_\_\_-toxin effects cells. Inhibits protein synthesis

Answer 15

Cytotoxin

Question 16

Exotoxins classification (by structure and function)
\_\_\_\_-toxin consist of 2 parts (polypeptides). \_\_\_\_ is the active part (enzyme). \_\_\_\_ is the binding component.

Answer 16

A-B toxins

Question 17

Exotoxins classification (by structure and function)
\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_ toxins cause lysis of host cells by disrupting plasma membrane by forming protein channels  or disrupting the phospholipid portion of membrane.

Answer 17

Membrane disrupting toxin

Question 18

Exotoxins classification (by structure and function)
\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_ are bacterial proteins. It’s an antigen that provokes an intense immune response. Stimulates T cells to release high amount of cytokines that enter blood stream and cause intense symptoms

Answer 18

Super antigens

Question 19

Endocrine toxins are found in gram ___

Answer 19

Negative

Question 20

Endotoxins are in gram negative’s ____ cell wall

Answer 20

Outer

Question 21

Can endotoxins be neutralized with antitoxins?

Answer 21

No has to be a protein to be neutralized with antitoxin and endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides

Question 22

In LAL assay does the endotoxins cause lysis?

Answer 22

T

Question 23

Amebocyte lysis causes clot in _ _ _ assay

Answer 23

LAL assay

Question 24

T or F. Fungal waste products do not cause symptoms

Answer 24

F they do

Question 25

T or F. In pathogenic properties of fungi chronic infections provoke an allergic response

Answer 25

T

Question 26

Which of these clogs lymphatic system

Fungi or helminths

Answer 26

Helminths

Question 27

____ use host tissue for their own growth

Answer 27

Helminths

Question 28

In ____ presence of parasite interferes with host function

Answer 28

Helminths

Question 29

These are examples of ____ of ____

Respiratory tract, skin, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract, blood

Answer 29

Portals of exit