Ch 14 Principles Of Diesease & Epidemiology

Question 1

Changes in body function that is felt by the patient as a result of a disease is a ____

Answer 1

Symptom

Question 2

Change in body function that can be observed or measured as a result of a disease

Answer 2

Sign

Question 3

A specific group of signs and symptoms that accompany a disease

Answer 3

Syndrome

Question 4

A communicable disease is one that spreads ____ one ____ to ____.

Answer 4

Communicable disease is one that spreads from one host to another

Question 5

Contagious disease is one that ____ spreads from ____ host to _____

Answer 5

Contagious disease is one that coreada easily from one host to another

Question 6

Noncommunicable disease is one ____ transmitted from one host to another.

Answer 6

Non communicable disease is one not transmitted from one host to another.

Question 7

Sporadic disease is one that occurs ____ in a _____ that doesn’t cause much problems.

Answer 7

Sporadic disease occurs occasionally in a population that doesn’t cause much problems

Question 8

Immunity in most of a population is called

Answer 8

Herd immunity

Question 9

“Number of new cases” in occurrence of diseases is called

Answer 9

Incidence

Question 10

When a fraction of a population contract a new disease during a specific time is called

Answer 10

Incidence

Question 11

Fraction of a population HAVING a specific disease at a given time is called

Answer 11

Prevalence

Question 12

An ____ disease develops rapidly but last a short time

Answer 12

Acute disease develops rapidly but last a short time

Question 13

A ___ disease develops slowly and is likely to contiene for a long time

Answer 13

A chronic disease develops slowly and is likely to continue for a long period of time

Question 14

A ____ disease is one that has symptoms between acutely and chronic

Answer 14

Subacute disease has symptoms between acute and chronic

Question 15

A ____ disease is one that has no symptoms when causative agent is inactive but then becomes active to produce symptoms of a disease

Answer 15

A latent disease is one that shows no signs or symptoms when causative agent is inactive but then becomes active to produce symptoms of disease

Question 16

____ _____ when pathogens are limited to a small area of body

Answer 16

Local infection

Question 17

____ ____ is an infection throughout the body

Answer 17

Systemic infection is an infection throughout the body

Question 18

____ ____ is a systemic infection that started off as a local infection

Answer 18

Focal infection is a systemic infection that began as local

Question 19

T or F. State of host resistance also determines extent of infections

Answer 19

T

Question 20

Primary infection is ____ infection that causes ____ illness

Answer 20

Primary infection is an acute infection that causes initial illness

Question 21

Secondary infection caused by an ____ ____ after primary infection has weakened body’s defenses

Answer 21

Secondary infection is caused by opportunistic pathogen after primary infection has weakened body’s defenses

Question 22

Subclinical “inapparent” infection has ____ signs or symptoms

Answer 22

Subclinical “inapparent” infection has no signs or symptoms

Question 23

What makes body more susceptible to disease? ____ ____

Answer 23

Predisposing factor

Question 24

These are all examples of ____ ____

Age, gender, inherited traits, climate and weather, lifestyle, chemotherapy.

Answer 24

Predisposing factor

Question 25

Stages of a disease ____ period is when there are no signs or symptoms. Can still spread disease in some cases. Usually 1st symptoms and signs shown here

Answer 25

Incubation

Question 26

Stages of a disease _____ period is relatively short period after incubation in some disease. Has early-mild symptoms of disease (aches and malaise)

Answer 26

Prodromal

Question 27

Stages of disease ____ of ____ is when disease is most server. Person exhibits overt signs and symptoms (fever, chills, muscle pain, sensitivity to light lymph node inflammation, gastrointestinal disturbances) WBC count may increase or decrease Patient’s immune defense should overcome pathogen if not patient dies at this time

Answer 27

Period of illness

Question 28

Stages of a disease ___ of ____ signs and symptoms subside (fever decreases) May take 24 hours-days Patient is vulnerable to secondary infections.

Answer 28

Stage of decline

Question 29

Stages of disease ___ of ____ : recovery has occurred, person regains strength and body returns to its pre-diseased state. People can be reservoirs of disease and can easily spread infections to others

Answer 29

Period of convalescence

Question 30

T or F. Reservoirs of infections can be animals, humans or non living

Answer 30

T

Question 31

_____ are diseases that occur primary in wild and domestic animals but can be transmitted to humans

Answer 31

Zoonoses

Question 32

Transmission of disease ___ ___requires close association between infected and susceptible host. Physical, NO intermediate object. Ex) kissing, touching, sex

Answer 32

Direct contact

Question 33

Transmission of disease ____ ____ occurs when agent of disease is transmitted from its reservoir to a susceptible host by means of a non living object aka a fomite Ex) tissue towels diapers bedding cups utensils money toys thermometers

Answer 33

Indirect contact

Question 34

Transmission of disease ___ ___ vía airborne droplets, microbes are spread in droplet nuclei that travel short distances. Ex) coughing sneezing laughing talking Whooping cough influenza pneumonia

Answer 34

Droplet transmission

Question 35

Vehicle transmission is transmission by a ____ | Ex) food water air body fluids blood drugs IV fluid

Answer 35

Medium

Question 36

Vectors are ____ that carry pathogens from one host to another

Answer 36

animals

Question 37

General methods of vector transmission | _____ ____ is passive transport of pathogens on insects feet or other body parts

Answer 37

Mechanical transmission

Question 38

General methods of vector transmission ___ ____ pathogen reproduces in vector. Arthropod bites infected person/animal and ingest infected blood. Pathogen then reproduces in vector. Number of pathogen will i creams chance of trans imitating to other host

Answer 38

Biological transmission

Question 39

Health care related infections ____ ____ ____ is new or changing. Showing an increase in recent past or a potential to increase in the near future. Ex) ebola, Zika *doesnt mean microbe or sickness is new. But are causing more problems

Answer 39

Emerging infectious disease

Question 40

“Emerging” means ____ from one ____ to another

Answer 40

Emerging means jumping from one host to another

Question 41

T or F. Any organism can cause an emerging infectious disease

Answer 41

T

Question 42

``` These are factors of ____ ____ ____ Genetic recombination Evolution of new strains Inappropriate use of antibiotics Changes in weather patterns Modern transportation Ecological disaster war Animal control measures Public health care measure failures ```

Answer 42

Emerging infectious disease

Question 43

_____ epidemiology entails collecting data that describes the occurrence of the disease under study. Usually includes info about affected individuals place and period in which diseases occurred

Answer 43

Descriptive

Question 44

_____ epidemiology analyzes particular diseases to determine its cause. Compared by diseased group vs. healthy people

Answer 44

Analytical

Question 45

______ epidemiology begins with a hypothesis of disease. Experiments to test hypothesis with people.

Answer 45

Experimental

Question 46

_____ ____ is when health care workers report specified disease to local, state, and national offices.

Answer 46

Case reporting

Question 47

_____ _____ diseases are those physicians are required by law to report cases to the US Public Health Service.

Answer 47

Notifiable infectious diseases