Ch 17

Question 1

Skepticism

Answer 1

A doubtful or questioning attitude, especially about religion

Question 2

Cosmopolitan

Answer 2

The quality of being sophisticated and having wide international experience

Question 3

Laissez-fairs

Answer 3

An economic doctrine that holds that an economy is best served when the government does not interfere but allows the economy to self regulate according to the forces of supply and demand. “Let them do as they please”

Question 4

Rococo

Answer 4

An eighteenth century artistic movement that emphasized grace, gentility, lightness, and charm

Question 5

Romanticism

Answer 5

A nineteenth century intellectual and artistic movement that rejected the emphasis on reason of the enlightenment. Instead, romantics stressed the importance of intuition, feeling, emotion, and imagination as sources of knowing

Question 6

Pogroms

Answer 6

Organized massacre of Jews

Question 7

Feminism

Answer 7

The belief in the political, social, and economic equality of the sexes; organized activity to advance women’s rights

Question 8

Deism

Answer 8

Belief in God as the creator of the universe who, after setting it in motion, ceased to have any direct involvement in it and allowed it to run according to its own natural law

Question 9

Salons

Answer 9

Gatherings of philosophers and other notables to discuss the ideas of the enlightenment; so called the from the elegant drawing rooms where they met

Question 10

High culture

Answer 10

The literary and artistic culture of the educated and wealthy ruling classes

Question 11

Economic liberalism

Answer 11

The idea that government should not interfere in the workings of the economy

Question 12

Cultural relativism

Answer 12

The belief that no culture is superior to another because culture is a matter of custom, not reason, and derives its meaning from the group holding it

Question 13

Superstorm of powers

Answer 13

A doctrine enunciated by Montesquieu in the 18TH century that separate executive, legislative, and judicial powers serve to limit and control each other

Question 14

Enlightenment

Answer 14

An eighteenth century intellectual movement, led by the philosophies, that stressed the application of reason and the scientific method to all aspects of life

Question 15

Philosophes

Answer 15

Intellectuals of the eighteenth century enlightenment who believed in applying a spirit of rational criticism to all things, including religion and politics, and who focused on improving and enjoying this world, rather the on the afterlife

Question 16

Popular culture

Answer 16

As opposed to high culture, the unofficial written and unwritten culture of the masses, much of which was traditionally passed down orally and centered on public and group activities such as festivals. In the modern age, the term refers to the entertainment, recreation, and pleasures that people purchase as pasty of the mass consumer society