Ch 16

Question 1

Rationalism

Answer 1

A system of thought based on the belief that human reason and experience are the chief sources of knowledge

Question 2

Empiricism

Answer 2

The practice of relying on observation and experience

Question 3

World- Machine

Answer 3

Newton’s conception of the universe as one huge, regulated, and uniform machine that operated according to natural laws in absolute time, space, and motion

Question 4

Heliocentric conception

Answer 4

The belief that the sun in the center of the universe

Question 5

Scientific revolution

Answer 5

The transition from the medieval worldview to a largely secular, rational, and materialistic perspective that began in the seventeenth century and was popularized in the eighteenth

Question 6

Scientific method

Answer 6

A method of seeking knowledge through inductive principles, using experiments and observations to develop generalizations

Question 7

Geocentric conception

Answer 7

The belief that the earth was the center of the universe and the sun and other celestial objects revolved around the earth

Question 8

Cartesian dualism

Answer 8

Descarte’s principle of the separation of mind and matter that enabled scientists to view matter as something separate from themselves that could be investigated by reason