Ch. 16, 17, 18, 32, & 38 Flashcards
base of support
the area on which an objects rests
body alignment/posture
the way the head, trunk, arms, and legs align with one another; posture
body mechanics
using the body in an efficient and careful way
dorsal recumbent position
the back lying or supine position
ergonomics
the science of designing a job to fit the worker; ergo means work, nomos means law
fowler’s position
a semi-sitting position; the head of the bed is raised between 45 and 60 degrees
high-fowlers position
a variation of fowlers position; the head of the bed is raised 60 to 90 degrees
lateral position/side lying position
the person lies on 1 side or the other; side lying position
supine position
the back lying or dorsal recumbent position
semi-folwers position
a variation of fowlers position, the head of the bed is raised 30 degrees
prone position
the person lies on the abdomen with the head turned to 1 side
left semi prone position
the person lies on the left side of the abdomen; the upper leg (right leg) is sharply flexed (bent) so it is not on the lower leg (left leg); the lower arm (left arm) is behind the person
musclo-skeletal disorders (MSDs)
Injuries and disorders of the muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, and cartilage
bed mobility
how a person moves to and from a lying position, turns from side to side, and re-positions in a bed or other sleeping furniture
friction
the rubbing of 1 surface against another
logrolling
turning the person as a unit, in alignment, with 1 motion
shearing
when the skin sticks to a surface while muscles slide in the direction the body is moving
lateral transfer
when a person moves between 2 horizontal surfaces
pivot
to turn one’s body from a set standing position
transfer
how a person moves to and from a surface
abduction
moving a body part away from the mid-line of the body
adduction
moving a body part toward the mid-line of body
ambulation
the act of walking
atrophy
the decrease in size or wasting away of tissue
bed rest
restricting a person to bed and limiting activity for health reasons
contracture
decreased motion and stiffness of a joint caused by shortening (contracting) of a muscle
deconditioning
the loss of muscle strength from inactivity
dorsiflexion
bending the toes and foot up at the ankle
extension
straightening a body part
external rotation
turning the joint outward
flexion
bending a body part
footdrop
the foot falls down at the ankle; permanent plantar flexion
hyperextension
excessive straightening of a body part
immobility
the inability to move
internal rotation
turning the joint inward
mobility
a person’s ability to move
opposition
touching an opposite finger with the thumb
orthotic
a device used to support a muscle, promote a certain motion, or correct a deformity; ortho means to straighten
plantar flexion
bending the foot down at the ankle
postural hypotension
abnormally low (hypo) blood pressure when the person suddenly stands up (postural), orthostatic hypotension
pronation
turning the joint downward
range of motion (ROM)
the movement of a joint to the extent possible without causing pain
rotation
turning the joint
supination
turning the joint upward
activities of daily living (ADL)
the activities usually done during a normal day in a person’s life
disability
any lost, absent, or impaired physical or mental function
prosthesis
an artificial replacement for a missing body part
rehabilitation
the process for restoring a person’s highest possible level of physical, psychological, social, and economic function
restorative aide
a nursing assistant with special training in restorative nursing and rehabilitation skills
restorative nursing care
care that helps persons regain health and strength for safe and independent living
