Ch 15 - Transport System in Living Things

Question 1

What is the purpose of the heart?

Answer 1

To pump blood around the body.

Question 2

How many times does the heart beat per minute?

Answer 2

60 - 100 times

Question 3

What are the walls of the heart made of?

Answer 3

MUSCLE 💪

Question 4

What is blood?

Answer 4

a fluid tissue

Question 5

What are 2 main functions of blood?

Answer 5

• To transport materials around the body
• To protect us against diseases

Question 6

What are the components of blood?

Answer 6

• red blood cells
• white blood cells
• platelets
• plasma

Question 7

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 7

to transport oxygen from the lungs to other parts of the body

Question 8

What are the adaptations of red blood cells?

Answer 8

• Contains haemoglobin which oxygen binds to
• Lacks nucleus so it can pack more haemoglobin to transport more oxygen

Question 9

What is the function of white blood cells?

Answer 9

to fight infections
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Question 10

What is the function of platelets?

Answer 10

clots blood at wound sites, preventing the extensive loss of blood

Question 11

Platelets are…

Answer 11

cell fragments

Question 12

What is plasma?

Answer 12

the liquid component of blood

Question 13

What does plasma contain?

Answer 13

• mostly water
• numerous dissolved substances (nutrients, hormones, oxygen, carbon dioxide, waste products)

Question 14

What are the 3 types of blood vessels?

Answer 14

1. arteries
2. veins
3. capillaries

Question 15

Where do arteries carry blood?

Answer 15

away from the heart
⬅️🫀➡️

Question 16

What is the pressure of blood in the arteries?

Answer 16

high pressure

Question 17

The walls of arteries are….

Answer 17

thick to withstand the high pressure

Question 18

What moves into the body cells surrounding capillaries?

Answer 18

oxygen and nutrients

Question 19

What moves from the body cells into the capillaries?

Answer 19

carbon dioxide and waste products

Question 20

The walls of capillaries are…

Answer 20

one-cell thick so that materials can pass through the walls easily

Question 21

Where do veins carry blood?

Answer 21

towards the heart
➡️🫀⬅️

Question 22

Blood in the veins is poor and rich in what?

Answer 22

• poor in oxygen and nutrients
• rich in carbon dioxide and waste substances

Question 23

What is the pressure of blood in the veins?

Answer 23

low pressure (hence why the walls of veins are thinner than artery walls!)

Question 24

What are the 2 types of vessels in the plant transport system?

Answer 24

• xylem (water)
• phloem (food)

Question 25

What is the function of the xylem?

Answer 25

To transport water and mineral salts from the roots to other parts of the plant.

Question 26

What is the xylem made out of?

Answer 26

dead cells ☠️

Question 27

What is the function of the phloem?

Answer 27

To transport sugars from the leaves to other parts of the plant.

Question 28

What is the phloem made of?

Answer 28

Living cells (and the end walls separating the cells have lots of minute pores)

Question 29

Which is on the outside/inside? (xylem, phloem)

Answer 29

xylem on the inside
phloem on the outside

Question 30

What is diffusion?

Answer 30

The net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

Question 31

Does a partially permeable membrane have to be present during diffusion?

Answer 31

NOO 🙅

Question 32

What are examples of a partially permeable membrane?

Answer 32

• Cell membrane
• Visking tubing

Question 33

What is osmosis?

Answer 33

The net movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower potential through a partially permeable membrane.

Question 34

Does a partially permeable membrane need to be present during osmosis?

Answer 34

YESS 🙆‍♀️