Ch 15 - Transport System in Living Things Flashcards
What is the purpose of the heart?
To pump blood around the body.
How many times does the heart beat per minute?
60 - 100 times
What are the walls of the heart made of?
MUSCLE 💪
What is blood?
a fluid tissue
What are 2 main functions of blood?
- To transport materials around the body
- To protect us against diseases
What are the components of blood?
- red blood cells
- white blood cells
- platelets
- plasma
What is the function of red blood cells?
to transport oxygen from the lungs to other parts of the body
What are the adaptations of red blood cells?
- Contains haemoglobin which oxygen binds to
- Lacks nucleus so it can pack more haemoglobin to transport more oxygen
What is the function of white blood cells?
to fight infections
👊 U GO GURL
What is the function of platelets?
clots blood at wound sites, preventing the extensive loss of blood
Platelets are…
cell fragments
What is plasma?
the liquid component of blood
What does plasma contain?
- mostly water
- numerous dissolved substances (nutrients, hormones, oxygen, carbon dioxide, waste products)
What are the 3 types of blood vessels?
- arteries
- veins
- capillaries
Where do arteries carry blood?
away from the heart
⬅️🫀➡️
What is the pressure of blood in the arteries?
high pressure
The walls of arteries are….
thick to withstand the high pressure
What moves into the body cells surrounding capillaries?
oxygen and nutrients
What moves from the body cells into the capillaries?
carbon dioxide and waste products
The walls of capillaries are…
one-cell thick so that materials can pass through the walls easily
Where do veins carry blood?
towards the heart
➡️🫀⬅️
Blood in the veins is poor and rich in what?
- poor in oxygen and nutrients
- rich in carbon dioxide and waste substances
What is the pressure of blood in the veins?
low pressure (hence why the walls of veins are thinner than artery walls!)
What are the 2 types of vessels in the plant transport system?
- xylem (water)
- phloem (food)
What is the function of the xylem?
To transport water and mineral salts from the roots to other parts of the plant.
What is the xylem made out of?
dead cells ☠️
What is the function of the phloem?
To transport sugars from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
What is the phloem made of?
Living cells (and the end walls separating the cells have lots of minute pores)
Which is on the outside/inside? (xylem, phloem)
xylem on the inside
phloem on the outside
What is diffusion?
The net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
Does a partially permeable membrane have to be present during diffusion?
NOO 🙅
What are examples of a partially permeable membrane?
- Cell membrane
- Visking tubing
What is osmosis?
The net movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower potential through a partially permeable membrane.
Does a partially permeable membrane need to be present during osmosis?
YESS 🙆♀️
