Ch 15 Specific, acquired, adaptive immunity Flashcards
At the first encounter, specific/acquired immunity will provide a ______ response to a threat.
mild, slow.
During the second encounter with a m/o, specific or acquired immunity provides a ______ response.
2nd is quick, enhanced response
~ basis for vaccination
Humoral Immunity is also known as ______________.
Antibody Mediated immunity
Antibody Mediated immunity’s goal is to eliminate ______.
extracellular pathogens, like m/o and toxins.
The cells of Humoral / Antibody Mediated immunity are called ________.
B-lymphocytes
B-lymphocytes, the cells of _________ are made in the ______ and mature in the ________.
Humoral or Antibody Mediated immunity;
bone marrow; bone marrow
The goal of Cell Mediated Response is to protect against
intracellular pathogens, like
infected cells
abnormal cells (cancer, tumor)The cells of Cell Mediated response are called ________.
T-lymphocytes - TH T helper
Tc cytotoxic t-cells
T-lymphocytes are made in the ______ and mature in the ______.
bone marrow; thymus
Describe the process of Humoral / Antibody Mediated response.
- B-cell activation
- B-cell makes a memory cell and a plasma cell.
- Antibody production
- Antibodies bind the antigen.
Describe the process of Cell Mediated response.
- T-helper cell activates the T-cell.
2. Memory cells are made.
Specific / Acquired / Adaptive Immunity is:
not w/us at birth; a TAILORED response to a threat. It has memory.
What is something that both humoral and cell mediated response immunity have?
memory cells
The secondary lymphoid organs include:
nodes (lymph) spleen tonsils adenoid appendix
(places where lymphocytes get together)
The primary lymphoid organs include:
bone marrow and thymus
define antigen
antigen - a molecule that generates antibody production
(bacteria and viruses carry antigens)
Antigens must be
large molecules with variety
(proteins and complex polysaccharides)
An epitope is
the place where the antibody binds to the antigen.
The best antigens are ______.
proteins
Antibodies are ______ in a Y-shape.
proteins
Variable antibodies are called ____.
FAD
Constant antibodies are called ____.
FC
Plasma cells secrete ______.
Plasma cells secrete antibodies.
The top of the Y antibody is the ______ region.
top = variable region
The bottom of the Y antibody is the ______ region.
bottom is the constant region
There are how many classes of Antibodies? What determines the class?
5 / constant
antibodies are proteins that ____ the antigen so _____ can get rid of it.
tag / immune system
What are the outcomes of an antigen being bound by antibodies?
- Neutralize / immobilize bacteria by binding to the pili or flagella.
- Agglutination - Ab bind to Ag and clump it to make it bigger and easier to find. Instead of having to run around the whole body to find all the little ones, they can find one big one.
- Precipitation - clump fluids together into a soluble molecule.
List the Protective Outcomes of Ag-Ab binding.
- Opsonization
- Complement activation
- Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCO)
What are antibodies good for? (7)
neutralize immobilize bacteria precipitate toxins agglutinate opsonization activate complement activate ADCC
What is the first Ab made during an infection?
IgM
chars of IgM
only Ab made by fetuses
huge mc’s
not specific –> not good antibodies
pentamer
chars of IgG
only Ab can cross the placenta most specific Ab or best Ab memory cells make IgG dominant Ab in circulation - 80-85% monomer the Ab of memory!!
chars of IgA
bound in body secretions, like breast milk, mucous, tears, saliva
monomer
Ig D chars
bound to B-cells
IgE chars
allergic reactions
bind to the allergen
FC region pops histamine cells, leading to an allergic reaction
Clonal selection
only B-cells that can respond to Ag threat will be the ones that are ACTIVATED (have the appropriate receptors).
the “chosen cell” replicates itself, then the daughter cells make plasma cells
multiplication of specific B-cells that bind to the Ag
reqs the presence of Ag or it will stop
