CH 15 Pt. 2 : Special Senses Hearing And Equilibrium (Final Exam) Flashcards
What are the 3 special Sense Receptors?
1) Hearing (ear)
2) Equilibrium (ear)
3) Vision (eye)
What are the 3 parts of the Ear?
1) External (Outer) ear
2) Middle ( Tympanic) ear
3) Internal (inner) ear
What 2 parts of the ear are responsible for hearing ONLY?
- External ear; Middle ear
What part of the ear is responsible for Hearing and Equilibrium?
- Internal ( inner) ear
What structures does the External Ear Contain?
- Auricle / Pinna
- External Acoustic Meatus
- Tympanic Membrane
What is the Auricle / Pinna made of?
Elastic Cartilage
What part of the ear is within the Temporal Bone and Connects the Auricle & Tympanic membrane?
External Acoustic Meatus ( Auditory Canal)
What is between the External & Middle ear?
Tympanic Membrane ( Eardrum)
What part of the ear has connective tissue membrane that vibrates in response to sound?
Tympanic Membrane ( Eardrum)
Where does the tympanic membrane transfer sound energy to?
Bones of the middle ear
What are the 3 structures of the middle ear?
- Tympanic membrane
- Auditory ossicles
- Oval Window of bone wall
What is the lateral edge of the middle ear?
Tympanic Membrane
What are the 3 parts of the Auditory Ossicles ( lateral to medial)?
- Malleus
- Incus
- Stapes
What do both the Middle ear and External Ear generate?
Vibration
What is the smallest bone of the ear?
Stapes
What is the medial edge of the Middle ear?
Oval Window of bone wall
The area inside of stape is called?
Oval window
What does the Internal / inner ear generate?
Action Potential
What is the one nerve of the internal ear?
Internal Acoustic Meatus
Where does the internal acoustic Meatus pass through?
Cranial Nerve 8 (VII)
What are the two layer os the inner ear?
- Bony labyrinth
2. Membranous Labyrinth
The Bony labyrinth is full of ____?
Sodium
The Membraneous Labyrinth is full of ____?
Potassium
Where is the Perilymph located?
In the bony labyrinth
Where is the endolymph located?
In the Membraneous Labyrinth
What are the 3 Macroscopic structures of the inner ear ?
- Semicircular Canals
- Vestibular
- Cochlea
When 2 layers and 3 parts are formed together it makes what 6 structures?
Membranous : semicircular canal, cochlea, vestibulae
Bony semicircular canals, cochlea, vestibulae
What nerve connects with the membranous cochlea ONLY?
Cochlea nerve
What does the Membraneous cochlea include?
- Scala vestibulae ( perilymph )
- scala media ( endolymph)
- Scala Tympani ( Perilymph)
The tectorial membrane, hair cells, & Basilar membrane are structures of ___?
Spiral Organ
What 2 structures connect with the cochlear nerve ONLY
- Spiral organ ;Membranous cochlea
What is the base of the cochlea ?
High frequency
What is the Apex of the cochlea ?
Low Frenquency
Where is the cochlea located?
Superior Temporal Gyrus
What is the process of the spiral organ?
- basilar membrane (vibration) bends hair cells and generates action potential
- action potential goes to ( cochlear Nerve) and travels to the cranial nerve and brain cortex
What are the two parts of the vestibulae?
- Utricle
2. Saccule
What part of the vestibulae connects to the semicircular canals ?
- Utricle
U.S
What part of the vestibulae connect to the cochlea?
-Saccule
C.S.
The Utricle & Saccule both travel through the _____ Nerve ?
Vestibular Nerve ONLY
What is within the utricle and saccule?
Maculae
What connects with the vestibular nerve?
Maculae
What is within the endolymph and right angle to each other ?
Maculae
What is the sandwich structure of the Maculae?
- Otolithic membrane
- Hair cells
- Basilar Membrane
What is the function of the Maculae?
- Static equilibrium receptor region
2D movement ( no rotation
What responds to both horizontal & vertical head position changes?
Maculae
The action potential from the vestibulae transmits to the ___ ?
Vestibular nerve
Semicircular canals and the vestibule go to what nerve ONLY?
Vestibular nerve
What are three pairs of the semicircular canal and the plane that correlates with each?
- Anterior (Sagittal plane)
- Lateral (Transverse plane )
- Posterior (Frontal plane)
Where is the ampulla located ?
Within endolymph
What contain crystal ampularis?
The Ampula
What i the sandwich structure of the Crista Ampullaris?
- Gelatinous Cup (Cupula)
- Hair Cells
- Basilar membrane
Cochlear, Vestibule and Crista ampullaris all generate ?
Action Potential
What creates static equilibrium?
Vestibule
What generates Dynamic equilibrium ?
Semicircular Canals
How does action potential travel through semicircular canals
- angular head position changes gelatinous cup , then bends hair fibers to generate action potential
- actions potential transmits to ( vestibular nerve) and is sent to to cranial nerve 8 (vII) TO BRAIN CORTEX
