Ch 15, Maternal Nutrition Flashcards
Folate/Folic acid is of particular importance to take for a woman who plans to become pregnant. How much Folate/Folic acid should be taken daily by a woman during the pre-conception period?
0.4mg or 400mcg daily.
Folic acid is so important because of its influence on the what?
The Neural Tube
NTD’s is an abbreviation meaning what?
Neural Tube Defects
What is an NTD that everyone is familiar with?
Spina Bifida
The Neural Tube is the structure in the embryo that develops into the (____) and the (____)
The Neural Tube is the structure in the embryo that develops into the (Brain) and the (Spinal Cord)
What is the NTD Spina Bifida, and what does it cause?
Spina Bifida occurs when the neural tube doesn’t close for normal formation of the spine, causing spinal deformities.
The nutrient needs of a pregnancy are determined by what measure?
The gestational age
What does DRI mean in the realm of maternal nutrition?
Dietary Reference Intakes
The energy needs for a mother during the 1st trimester are roughly the same needs as what period?
Pre-pregnancy
Very little changes with nutrition
The recommended caloric intake for a mother during the 2nd trimester is what?
A caloric increase of 340 calories per day
The recommended caloric intake for a mother during the 3rd trimester is what?
A caloric increase of 450 calories a day
The recommended caloric intake for a mother during the breastfeeding period is what?
The caloric need for breast feeding is between 450 and 500 extra calories.
“It takes more calories to feed than to grow”
If the patient falls within the normal BMI range of 18.5-24.9, what is the recommended weight gain she should experience over the course of her pregnancy?
25-35lbs
If the patient falls within the overweight BMI range of 25-29.9, what is the recommended weight gain she should experience over the course of her pregnancy?
15-25lbs of weight gain
If the patient falls within the obese BMI range of >30, what is the recommended weight gain she should experience over the course of her pregnancy?
11-20lbs of weight gain
If the patient falls within the underweight BMI range of <18 what is the recommended weight gain she should experience over the course of her pregnancy?
28-40lbs of weight gain
In the 1st trimester (first 13-weeks) what is the healthy weekly weight gain for a normal BMI (18.5-24.9)?
2-4lbs a week in weight gain for the first 13-weeks
In the 2nd and 3rd Trimester, what is the healthy weekly weight gain for a normal BMI (18.5-24.9)?
1lb a week
In the 2nd and 3rd Trimester, what is the healthy weekly weight gain for an overweight/obese BMI (25-30+)?
0.5lbs a week
What are the 3 basic Macronutrients to know?
Protein, Fat and Charbohydrates
How much protein should a pregnant mother get a day?
What is an easy way to increase it from non-pregnant levels?
70/71g a day
The non-pregnant protein intake is 45g of protein a day. Just add a scoop of protein (+25g) to a meal/drink and bam.
How much fats should a pregnant woman be getting a day?
What is the fat that is inside prenatal vitamins?
10% of their daily caloric needs should come from saturated fats.
DHA is the prenatal vitamin fat
How many carbs should a pregnant woman be getting a day?
175g/day
No more than 50-60% of her daily caloric intake should be carbs
Micronutrients are divided into two categories: Fat soluble and Water soluble.
Name the fat-soluble vitamins
Name the water-soluble vitamins
Fat soluble:
A, D, E, K
Water Soluble:
Folate/Folic acid, B12, B6, Vitamin C
What 4 things is Vitamin A good for the development of?
Vitamin A is good for the heart, spine, eyes and ears
Excess vitamin A can have what kind of effect on a fetus?
A tetrogenic effect on a fetus and can cause malformations, so don’t take extra vitamin A.
Prenatal vitamins have enough!
What 2 things are vitamin D good for?
Calcium absorption/Reabsorption and immune function
Where do you get most of your Vitamin D intake from?
Milk and sunshine
Should you take vitamin E independently from a prenatal vitamin?
No, only get vitamin E from your prenatal vitamin
What is Vitamin K used for in mothers and developing/postpartum babies?
Vitamin K is for blood clotting factor and prothrombin.
How much Folate/Folic acid is recommended to be taken daily prior to pregnancy?
What about daily intake during an active pregnancy?
0.4mg/400mcg
For an active pregnancy, increase the dose to 0.6mg/600mcg a day
What is the water-soluble vitamin b12 used for in pregnancy?
What food group is B12 most commonly found in
RBC formation.
Vitamin B12 is most commonly found in milk/dairy products
What important role does the vitamin B6 play for the development of the baby?
B6 forms Anti-bodies and Neurotransmitters (Dopamine, GABA, Act, etc.)
What is Vitamin C used for in pregnant women?
Vitamin C promotes tissue formation and the absorption of iron.
Always remember:
The acidic nature of vitamin (__) helps with (___) absorption. Take (___) on an empty stomach with (___) juice.
The acidic nature of vitamin (C) helps with (iron) absorption. Take (iron) on an empty stomach with (fruit) juice
What 2 things is Iron supplementation good for treating in pregnant women?
Good for Anemia and low RBC count
ETOH is contraindicated throughout all of pregnancy. This is because ETOH is known as a?
Teratogen
What should the daily limit for caffeine be for a pregnant woman?
What does that number equate to in oz of coffee?
Daily limit should be less than 200mg.
This equates to 8-10oz of coffee
Are artificial sweeteners safe for consumption by pregnant women?
Artificial sweeteners are generally safe for consumption, but use with caution
A new mother has a newborn that has experienced disrupted metabolic function that has manifested as increased BMI and an increased risk for obesity.
What is was the most likely cause of this?
Too much artificial sweeteners like diet coke.
What is Pica?
Pica is the act of eating non-food items (mud, clay, ash, paper, charcoal) or excessive amounts of low-nutritional food (raw rice, ice, four)
What is thought to be the main cause of Pica?
What should you screen for in a patient experiencing Pica?
iron deficiency
Screen for anemia with Pica
If a pregnant mother is on a vegan diet, what kind of deficiencies would you see in their newborn as a result?
You would see deficiencies in iron, zinc, Vitamin D, Vitamin B12, and Calcium
What kind of deficiencies will a gluten free diet during pregnancy have on a baby?
Deficiencies in B vitamins, Folate, and iron
What lab values should be tested for a mother who is being checked for anemia?
Hct and HgB
Anthropometric Body Measurements during a physical examination are what?
Simple height, weight, and BMI measurements
A baby that is born LGA (Large for Gestational Age) can be associated with what maternal illness?
Gestational Diabetes
SNAP and WIC are what?
Programs for women with limited financial resources
WIC: Women Infants Children
What is Pyrosis?
Heartburn
How do you combat pyrosis?
Use Antacids
What is one of the biggest things to teach mothers after they have undergone Bariatric Surgery?
Teach mothers about the increased need for essential nutrients, vitamins and minerals.
What are the most common vitamins and minerals to give mothers who have undergone Bariatric surgery?
Folate, B12, Iron, Calcium, and Vitamin D
What is Bariatric surgery?
Bariatric surgery is a weight-loss surgery that involves removing parts of the stomach to decrease the area of absorption.
It also involves re-routing the intestines.
