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OB Exam 2 > Ch 15, Maternal Nutrition > Flashcards

Ch 15, Maternal Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Folate/Folic acid is of particular importance to take for a woman who plans to become pregnant. How much Folate/Folic acid should be taken daily by a woman during the pre-conception period?

A

0.4mg or 400mcg daily.

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2
Q

Folic acid is so important because of its influence on the what?

A

The Neural Tube

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3
Q

NTD’s is an abbreviation meaning what?

A

Neural Tube Defects

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4
Q

What is an NTD that everyone is familiar with?

A

Spina Bifida

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5
Q

The Neural Tube is the structure in the embryo that develops into the (____) and the (____)

A

The Neural Tube is the structure in the embryo that develops into the (Brain) and the (Spinal Cord)

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6
Q

What is the NTD Spina Bifida, and what does it cause?

A

Spina Bifida occurs when the neural tube doesn’t close for normal formation of the spine, causing spinal deformities.

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7
Q

The nutrient needs of a pregnancy are determined by what measure?

A

The gestational age

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8
Q

What does DRI mean in the realm of maternal nutrition?

A

Dietary Reference Intakes

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9
Q

The energy needs for a mother during the 1st trimester are roughly the same needs as what period?

A

Pre-pregnancy

Very little changes with nutrition

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10
Q

The recommended caloric intake for a mother during the 2nd trimester is what?

A

A caloric increase of 340 calories per day

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11
Q

The recommended caloric intake for a mother during the 3rd trimester is what?

A

A caloric increase of 450 calories a day

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12
Q

The recommended caloric intake for a mother during the breastfeeding period is what?

A

The caloric need for breast feeding is between 450 and 500 extra calories.

“It takes more calories to feed than to grow”

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13
Q

If the patient falls within the normal BMI range of 18.5-24.9, what is the recommended weight gain she should experience over the course of her pregnancy?

A

25-35lbs

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14
Q

If the patient falls within the overweight BMI range of 25-29.9, what is the recommended weight gain she should experience over the course of her pregnancy?

A

15-25lbs of weight gain

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15
Q

If the patient falls within the obese BMI range of >30, what is the recommended weight gain she should experience over the course of her pregnancy?

A

11-20lbs of weight gain

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16
Q

If the patient falls within the underweight BMI range of <18 what is the recommended weight gain she should experience over the course of her pregnancy?

A

28-40lbs of weight gain

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17
Q

In the 1st trimester (first 13-weeks) what is the healthy weekly weight gain for a normal BMI (18.5-24.9)?

A

2-4lbs a week in weight gain for the first 13-weeks

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18
Q

In the 2nd and 3rd Trimester, what is the healthy weekly weight gain for a normal BMI (18.5-24.9)?

A

1lb a week

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19
Q

In the 2nd and 3rd Trimester, what is the healthy weekly weight gain for an overweight/obese BMI (25-30+)?

A

0.5lbs a week

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20
Q

What are the 3 basic Macronutrients to know?

A

Protein, Fat and Charbohydrates

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21
Q

How much protein should a pregnant mother get a day?

What is an easy way to increase it from non-pregnant levels?

A

70/71g a day

The non-pregnant protein intake is 45g of protein a day. Just add a scoop of protein (+25g) to a meal/drink and bam.

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22
Q

How much fats should a pregnant woman be getting a day?

What is the fat that is inside prenatal vitamins?

A

10% of their daily caloric needs should come from saturated fats.

DHA is the prenatal vitamin fat

23
Q

How many carbs should a pregnant woman be getting a day?

A

175g/day

No more than 50-60% of her daily caloric intake should be carbs

24
Q

Micronutrients are divided into two categories: Fat soluble and Water soluble.

Name the fat-soluble vitamins
Name the water-soluble vitamins

A

Fat soluble:
A, D, E, K

Water Soluble:
Folate/Folic acid, B12, B6, Vitamin C

25
Q

What 4 things is Vitamin A good for the development of?

A

Vitamin A is good for the heart, spine, eyes and ears

26
Q

Excess vitamin A can have what kind of effect on a fetus?

A

A tetrogenic effect on a fetus and can cause malformations, so don’t take extra vitamin A.

Prenatal vitamins have enough!

27
Q

What 2 things are vitamin D good for?

A

Calcium absorption/Reabsorption and immune function

28
Q

Where do you get most of your Vitamin D intake from?

A

Milk and sunshine

29
Q

Should you take vitamin E independently from a prenatal vitamin?

A

No, only get vitamin E from your prenatal vitamin

30
Q

What is Vitamin K used for in mothers and developing/postpartum babies?

A

Vitamin K is for blood clotting factor and prothrombin.

31
Q

How much Folate/Folic acid is recommended to be taken daily prior to pregnancy?

What about daily intake during an active pregnancy?

A

0.4mg/400mcg

For an active pregnancy, increase the dose to 0.6mg/600mcg a day

32
Q

What is the water-soluble vitamin b12 used for in pregnancy?

What food group is B12 most commonly found in

A

RBC formation.

Vitamin B12 is most commonly found in milk/dairy products

33
Q

What important role does the vitamin B6 play for the development of the baby?

A

B6 forms Anti-bodies and Neurotransmitters (Dopamine, GABA, Act, etc.)

34
Q

What is Vitamin C used for in pregnant women?

A

Vitamin C promotes tissue formation and the absorption of iron.

35
Q

Always remember:
The acidic nature of vitamin (__) helps with (___) absorption. Take (___) on an empty stomach with (___) juice.

A

The acidic nature of vitamin (C) helps with (iron) absorption. Take (iron) on an empty stomach with (fruit) juice

36
Q

What 2 things is Iron supplementation good for treating in pregnant women?

A

Good for Anemia and low RBC count

37
Q

ETOH is contraindicated throughout all of pregnancy. This is because ETOH is known as a?

A

Teratogen

38
Q

What should the daily limit for caffeine be for a pregnant woman?

What does that number equate to in oz of coffee?

A

Daily limit should be less than 200mg.

This equates to 8-10oz of coffee

39
Q

Are artificial sweeteners safe for consumption by pregnant women?

A

Artificial sweeteners are generally safe for consumption, but use with caution

40
Q

A new mother has a newborn that has experienced disrupted metabolic function that has manifested as increased BMI and an increased risk for obesity.

What is was the most likely cause of this?

A

Too much artificial sweeteners like diet coke.

41
Q

What is Pica?

A

Pica is the act of eating non-food items (mud, clay, ash, paper, charcoal) or excessive amounts of low-nutritional food (raw rice, ice, four)

42
Q

What is thought to be the main cause of Pica?

What should you screen for in a patient experiencing Pica?

A

iron deficiency

Screen for anemia with Pica

43
Q

If a pregnant mother is on a vegan diet, what kind of deficiencies would you see in their newborn as a result?

A

You would see deficiencies in iron, zinc, Vitamin D, Vitamin B12, and Calcium

44
Q

What kind of deficiencies will a gluten free diet during pregnancy have on a baby?

A

Deficiencies in B vitamins, Folate, and iron

45
Q

What lab values should be tested for a mother who is being checked for anemia?

A

Hct and HgB

46
Q

Anthropometric Body Measurements during a physical examination are what?

A

Simple height, weight, and BMI measurements

47
Q

A baby that is born LGA (Large for Gestational Age) can be associated with what maternal illness?

A

Gestational Diabetes

48
Q

SNAP and WIC are what?

A

Programs for women with limited financial resources

WIC: Women Infants Children

49
Q

What is Pyrosis?

A

Heartburn

50
Q

How do you combat pyrosis?

A

Use Antacids

51
Q

What is one of the biggest things to teach mothers after they have undergone Bariatric Surgery?

A

Teach mothers about the increased need for essential nutrients, vitamins and minerals.

52
Q

What are the most common vitamins and minerals to give mothers who have undergone Bariatric surgery?

A

Folate, B12, Iron, Calcium, and Vitamin D

53
Q

What is Bariatric surgery?

A

Bariatric surgery is a weight-loss surgery that involves removing parts of the stomach to decrease the area of absorption.

It also involves re-routing the intestines.

OB Exam 2 (4 decks)

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