ch. 15: maternal and fetal nutrition Flashcards
What is more common in women w/ POOR FOIC ACID INTAKE?
-neural tube defects NTD (e.g. spina bifida, anencephaly) resulting from failure in closure of neural tube
How much folic acid should women take daily?
-all adolescents and women capable of being preg should take 0.4 mg (400 mcg) of folic acid DAILY
What foods provide 500 mcg or more of FOLATE?
-LIVER: chicken, turkey, goose
What foods provide 200 mcg or more of FOLATE?
LIVER: lamb, beef, veal
What foods provide 100 mcg or more of FOLATE?
-legumes (cooked): peas, beans, lentils
-vegetables (asparagus, cooked spinach)
-1 medium papaya
-breakfast cereal
-wheat germ
What foods provide 50 mcg or more of FOLATE?
-vegetables (broccoli, beans, greens, raw spinach, collard greens)
-fruits (avacado, oranges)
-cooked pasta or rice
What is the DAILY recommended intake of CALCIUM for pregnant women?
1300/1000 mg
What are good sources of CALCIUM?
-milk, cheese, yogurt, sardines
-dark green leafy veg EXCEPT spinach or swiss chard
-calcium-set tofu
-baked beans
-tortillas
What are NONDAIRY sources of CALCIUM?
-fish: sardines, salmon
-beans and legumes
-greens: collard greens, kale, or turnip greens
-baked: cornbread, english muffin, french toast, waffles
Why is iron needed by the pregnant woman?
to allow transfer of adequate iron to fetus and permit expansion of RBC mass
What is the RECOMMENDED daily intake of IRON for pregnant women?
27 mg
What are food sources of iron?
-liver, meats
-whole grain or enriched breads and cereals
-dark green leafy veg
-legumes
-dried fruits
What INCREASES absorption of IRON?
-foods high in VITAMIN C (citrus fruits, tomatoes, melons, strawberries) and HEME IRON ( meats)
What foods DECREASE absorption of IRON?
-bran
-tea
-coffee
-milk
-oxalates (in spinach and swiss chard)
-egg yolk
!AVOID EATING THESE AT SAME TIME AS SUPPLEMENTS!
When is IRON BEST ABSORBED?
when taken on EMPTY STOMACH
Can iron supplements be taken at bedtime?
yes
What effect does iron have on stools?
may cause stools to be black or dark green
What is a common side effect of iron supplements?
-constipation
-RECOMMENDED: diet high in fiber and adequate fluid intake
What BMI is considered LOW/UNDERWEIGHT?
<18
What BMI is considered NORMAL?
18.5-24.9
What BMI is considered OVERWEIGHT?
25-29.9
What BMI is considered OBESE?
≥ 30
What is the recommended TOTAL WEIGHT GAIN for UNDERWEIGHT (BMI <18) pregnant women?
28-40 lb
What is the recommended TOTAL WEIGHT GAIN for NORMAL WEIGH (BMI 18.5-24.9) pregnant women?
25-35 lb
What is the recommended TOTAL WEIGHT GAIN for OVERWEIGHT (BMI 25-29.9) pregnant women?
15-25 lb
What is the recommended TOTAL WEIGHT GAIN for OBESE (BMI ≥ 30) pregnant women?
11-20 lb
What is the recommended WEIGHT GAIN PER WEEK IN 2ND & 3RD TRIMESTER for UNDERWEIGHT (BMI <18) pregnant women?
1- 1.3 lb
What is the recommended WEIGHT GAIN PER WEEK IN 2ND & 3RD TRIMESTER for NORMAL WEIGHT (BMI 18.5-24.9) pregnant women?
0.8- 1 lb
What is the recommended WEIGHT GAIN PER WEEK IN 2ND & 3RD TRIMESTER for OVERWEIGHT (BMI 25-29.9) pregnant women?
0.5- 0.7 lb
What is the recommended WEIGHT GAIN PER WEEK IN 2ND & 3RD TRIMESTER for OBESE (BMI ≥30) pregnant women?
0.4- 0.6 lb
What is the RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKE of GRAINS for pregnant women?
6 to 8 oz
What is the RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKE of VEGETABLES for pregnant women?
2 1/2 to 3 cups
What is the RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKE of FRUITS for pregnant women?
2 cups
What is the RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKE of DAIRY (milk, yogurt, cheese) for pregnant women?
3 cups
What is the RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKE of MEAT, POULTRY, FISH, DRY BEANS, EGGS, & NUTS for pregnant women?
5 1/2 to 6 1/2 oz
What is the RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKE of OILS for pregnant women?
6 teaspoons
