ch 15: introduction to the immune response

Question 1

known as immunoglobulin, produced in b plasma cells in response to a specific protein ; react with that protein to cause its destruction directly or through activation of the inflammatory response

Answer 1

antibodies

Question 2

foreign protein

Answer 2

antigen

Question 3

released in the injured cells to stimulate inflammatory response through an activation of various substances

Answer 3

arachidonic acid

Question 4

a disorder that occurs when the body repsonse to specific self antigen to produce antibodies againsts its own cells

Answer 4

autoimmune disease

Question 5

these are lymphocytes programmed to recognize specific proteins; when activated, these cells cause the production of antibodies to react with that protein

Answer 5

b cells

Question 6

heat, one if the caridnal signs of inflamamtion

Answer 6

calor

Question 7

five cardinal signs, namely

Answer 7

redness (rubor), swelling (tumour), heat (calor; only applicable to the body’ extremities), pain (dolor) and loss of function (functio laesa)

Question 8

chemotaxis

Answer 8

property of drawing neutrophils to an infected area

Question 9

series of cascading proteins that react with the antigen-antibody complex to destroy the protein or stimulate an imflammatory response dolor (one of the cardinal signs of inflammation)

Answer 9

complement proteins

Question 10

first factor activated when a blood vessle or cell is injured; starts the cascading reaction of the clotting factor, activates the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin to dissolve clots, and activates kinin system responsible for activation of the inflammatory response

Answer 10

hageman factor

Question 11

are proteins that protect the body against viral infection

Answer 11

interferon

Question 12

why interferon called “save yourself”

Answer 12

interferon binds to the surface of the neighboring cells where theystimulate antiviral proteins, , which dont protect the cell that produces them

Question 13

tissue hormone that is released in reponse to viral invasion; block viral replication

Answer 13

interferon

Question 14

chemicals released by whote blood cells to communicate with other WBCs and to support the inflammatory and immune reactions

Answer 14

interleukins

Question 15

activated by hageman factor as part of the inflammatory response, includes bradykinin

Answer 15

kinin system

Question 16

is a potent endothelium-dependent vasodilator and mild diuretic, which may cause a lowering of the blood pressure. It also causes contraction of non-vascular smooth muscle in the bronchus and gut, increases vascular permeability and is also involved in the mechanism of pain.

Answer 16

Bradykinin

Question 17

is a poorly understood hormonal system with limited available research. It consists of blood proteins that play a role in inflammation, blood pressure control, coagulation and pain.

Answer 17

kinin system

Question 18

can be whiteblood ells ; canbr nuetrophils, basophils and eosinophils

Answer 18

leukocytes

Question 19

are motile white blood cells that leave the blood and enter infected tissues

Answer 19

basophils

Question 20

whiteblood cells that is associated with allergies and asthma

Answer 20

eosinophils

Question 21

large white blood cells with large nuclei can be t cells or b cells

Answer 21

lymphocytes

Question 22

genetic identification code carried on a chromosome ; produces several proteins /antigens that allow the body to recognize cells as being self-cells

Answer 22

major histocompatibility complex

Question 23

mature leukocytes that are capable of phagocytizing an antigen; also called monocytes or mononuclear phagocytes

Answer 23

macrophage

Question 24

fixed basophils found in the repiratory , GI tract, skin which relases chemical mediators of the inflammatory and immune responses when they are stimulated by local irritation

Answer 24

mast cells

Question 25

leukocyte-producing cells in the bone marrow that can develop into nuetrophils, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, macrophage

Answer 25

myelocytes

Question 26

neutrophils that are able to engulf and digest foreign materials

Answer 26

phagocytes

Question 27

the process of engulfing and digesting foregn pyrogens

Answer 27

phagocytosis

Question 28

fever causing substance

Answer 28

pyrogen

Question 29

redness, one of the cardinal signs of inflimation

Answer 29

rubor

Question 30

lymphocytes programmed in the thymus gland to recognized self cells; maybe effector cells, helper tcells, supressor T cells

Answer 30

t cells

Question 31

swelling; one of the cardinal signs of inflammation

Answer 31

swelling