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PHARMA -MD > ANTHELMINTIC AGENT > Flashcards

ANTHELMINTIC AGENT Flashcards

1
Q

What are helmentic infections

A

GI tract infection or other tissues due to warm or infestation

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2
Q

the most prevalent helminthic infection: fertilized roundworm eggs are ingested, that hatch in the small intestine then make their way to the lungs, that may cause cough, fever and other pulonary infiltrate

A

ascaris

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3
Q

other name for cestode

A

tapeworms

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4
Q

a tapeworm with a head and a segmented body parts that is capable of growing in several yards in the human intestine

A

cestode

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5
Q

infection of the blood and tissue of healthy individuals by worm embryos or filariae

A

filariasis

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6
Q

worm that can cause disease by invading the human body

A

helminth

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7
Q

worm that attached themselves in the small intestine of infected individuals, where they suck blood from the intestine and damage the intestinal wall that leads to severe anemia and lethergy, weakness, fatigue

A

hookworms

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8
Q

roundworms suchas common pinworm, whipworm, thrreadworm, ascaris .. that cause common helminthic infection in humans; cause intestinal obstruction that clogs the intestinal lumen or severe pneumonia when the larvae migrate to the lungs that form pulmonary infiltrate

A

nematode

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9
Q

nematode that causes helmenthic infection that , lives in intestine that causes anal and vaginal irritation and itching

A

pinworm

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10
Q

flatworms, including cestodes and tapewormscan live in human intestine or in tissues

A

platyhemlinths

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11
Q

infection in the blood fluke that is carried by the snails; the larvae burrow into the skin causes rash, diarrhea, liver and brain inflammation

A

schistosomiasis

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12
Q

pervasive nematode that can send larvae into the lungs, liver ,cns, can cause severe pneumonia or liver abscess

A

threadworm

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13
Q

disease result from ingestin of encysted roundworm larvae in undercooked pork; the larvae migrate into the body to invade muscles, nerves and other tissues; can cause pneumonia, heart failure and encephalitis

A

trichinosis

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14
Q

worm that attaches itself to intestinal mucosa and sucks blood, may cause severe anemia and disintegration of intestinal mucosa

A

whipworm

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15
Q

the helminths that commonly infect humans are two types

A
  1. nematodes (roundworm)

2. platyhelminths (flatworms)

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16
Q

what are the Anthelmintic Agents

A
  • albendazole
  • mabendazole
  • ivermectin
  • pyrantel
  • praziquantel
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17
Q

what are the roundwoms exmaples

A

pinworms, threadworms, hookworms, ascaris,

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18
Q

what are the platyheminths

A
  1. cestodes (tapeworms)

2. flukes (schistosomes)

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19
Q

can tapeworm regenerate?

A

yes

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20
Q

pinworm : mechanism of disease and manifestation

A

it’s mechanism of disease is: remain in intestine

manifestation: perineal and vaginal itching

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21
Q

whipworm: mechanism of disease and manifestation

A

attach to wall of colon

manifestation: colic, bloody diarrhea

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22
Q

threadworm: mechanism of disease and manifestation

A

burrow into intestine, enter lungs, liver and other tissues

manifestation: pneumonia, liver abscess

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23
Q

ascaris: pinworm : mechanism of disease and manifestation

A

burrow into intestine, enter blood and infect lungs

manifestation: cough, fever, pulmonary infiltrate, abdominal distention, pain

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24
Q

hookworm: : mechanism of disease and manifestation

A

attach to the wall of the intestine

manifestation: anemia, fatigue, malabsorption

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25
Q

cestodes: : mechanism of disease and manifestation

A

living in the intestine ingesting nutrients from the host

manifestation: weight loss, abdominal distention

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26
Q

caused by ingestion of iencysted larvae of roundworm, trichenella spinalis, in undercooked worm

A

trichinosis

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27
Q

infection of the blood and tissues of healthy individuals byworm embroyos, injected by insects

A

filariasis

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28
Q

infection of the fluke carried by a snail

A

schistosomiasis

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29
Q

describe the life cycle of schistosomiasis

A
  1. eggs infetcs snails
  2. snails have larvae cercariae
  3. humans contact with snails in the water
  4. humans is infected
  5. larvae burrow go to bloodstream and the lungs and liver to mature
  6. adults move to intestine and urinary bladder. females lay masses of eggs
  7. eggs excrete in feces
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30
Q

meassures to control infection

A 
1. keep nails short
keep hands clean
handwashing
shower in the morning
change undergarments, linens , pajamas daily
wash hands after going to bathroom
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31
Q

site of action of ANTHELMINTIC drug: what pyrantel cause

A

paralysis and cell death

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32
Q

site of action of ANTHELMINTIC drug: what albendazole

A

blocks tubule and formation

33
Q

site of action of ANTHELMINTIC drug: what mebendazole

A

prevent cell use of glucose

34
Q

site of action of ANTHELMINTIC drug: what praziquantel

A

increase membrane permeability that cause cell death

35
Q

site of action of ANTHELMINTIC drug: what ivemectin

A

blocks calcium channels, leading to nerve and muscle paralysis and cell death

36
Q

site of action of ANTHELMINTIC drug: what theabendazole

A

supresses egg and larvae production

37
Q

antehelmentic agent across lifespan: in children
> remember
> toxic antehelmentic agent for children are:
> common drug use
> consider:

A

remember: culture before giving drugs

toxic antehelmentic agent for children are: ivermectin,albendazole, praziquantel

common drug: mebendazole (chewable tablet)

consider: nutritional status and hydration when taking these drugs can develop serious GI effect

38
Q

antehelmentic agent across lifespan:
>adult
> pregannt women

A

adult: indenial that they have infected by worms
preganant: benefit outweights risk

39
Q

antehelmentic agent across lifespan:
> older adult
> consideration

A

older: serious effects on GI and cns , so dose adjustment is needed
consider: monitor nutrition and hydration carefully

40
Q

albendazole usual indication

A

treatment of active lesions cause by pork tapeworm

and cystic disease of the liver, lungs, and peritoneum by dog tapeworm

41
Q

ivermectin usual indication

A

treament of threadworm disease or stronglyloidiasis, river blindness

42
Q

mebendazole usual indication

A

treatment of disease caused pinworms, round worms, whipworms, hookworms

43
Q

praziquantel usual indication

A

treatment of wide number of schistosomes or flukes

44
Q

pyrantel usual indication

A

treatment of disease caused by pinworms, roundworms, single dose maybe oreferred to patients who have trouble remmebering to take medication

45
Q

dosage for: albendazole

A

B.I.D for >60kg

bid, plus 28cycle, 14day rest <60kg

46
Q

dosage for: ivermectin

A

single dose

47
Q

dosage for: mebendazole

A

po morning and evening 3 consecutive days

48
Q

dosage for: praziquantel

A

3x a day

49
Q

pyrantel

A

po, single dose

50
Q

what is albendazole action?

A

treats active lesions caused by pork tapeworms and cystic disease in liver, lung, peritoneum cause by dog tapeworm

51
Q

what is albendazole pharmacokinetics?

A

poorly absorbed in GI

52
Q

what is albendazole Contraindication (4)

A

allergy, pregant, lactation, renal, hepatic

53
Q

what is albendazole adverse effect:

A

abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, headache, diziness, shaking

54
Q

what is albendazole drug to drug interaction

A
55
Q

what is ivermectin action

A

effetctive in nematode that causes river blindness, onchoceriasis

56
Q

what is ivermectin pharmacokinetic

A

absoorbed: GI, excreted feces

57
Q

what is ivermectin Contraindication

A

allergy, pregant, lactation, renal, hepatic

58
Q

what is mebendazole action

A

most commonly used in anthelmintic agents, effective against pinworm, roundworms, whipworms, hookworms, available in chewable

59
Q

what is mebendazole pharmacokinetic

A

not metabolized in the body, excreted unchanged in feces

60
Q

what is mebendazole contraindication

A

allergy, pregant, lactation, renal, hepatic

61
Q

what is praziquantel action

A

treamtent of wide number of flukes

62
Q

doses of prazinquantel

A

3x day, 4-6doses interval

63
Q

drug action pyrantel

A

oral drug effective against roundworm, pinworm

64
Q

oral drug effective against roundworm, pinworm

A

drug action pyrantel

65
Q

action of thiabendazole

A

for roundworm, hookworm, whipworm infection

66
Q

type of infection That cause GI and tissue worm infection

A

helminthic infection

67
Q

is platyhelminthis , what type of worm

A

flatworm

68
Q

nematode, what type of worm

A

roundworm

69
Q

is platyhelminthis , what type of worm

A

flatworm

70
Q

nematode, what type of worm

A

roundworm

71
Q

schistosomiasis causes

A

rash, diarrhea, liver, brain, inflmmation

72
Q

worm cause liver abcess and sever pneumonia

A

threadworm

73
Q

the most common infection on school aged children

A

pinworms

74
Q

how pinworms transfer

A

> objects

> inhaled

75
Q

worm that cause vaginal and anal itching

A

pinworms

76
Q

transmission is by eggs found on soil

A

whipworm

77
Q

causes bloddy diarrhea and colic

A

whipworm

78
Q

attached to colon

A

whipworm

79
Q

in severe cases can cause proplapse in intestinal wall, and anemia related to blood loss

A

whipworm

PHARMA -MD (3 decks)

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