Ch. 15, Family Policies in Canada

Question 1

Family policy

Answer 1

defines families, their forms, and which family members are entitled to government support

Question 2

When does state intervention occur in Canada

Answer 2

during situations of child abuse, child neglect, and limited financial support

Question 3

Neoliberal state and family policy

Answer 3

only intervenes when absolutely required; does not always believe in the statement of equality, believes in intervention when there is no other option

Question 4

Western Europe and American models interfacing with Canadian policy

Answer 4

Canada has relatively the same health and education investments as Western Europe but at a Lower level, however Canada has really bad rates of child poverty and low public family expenditures

Question 5

Social reproduction

Answer 5

host of paid and unpaid jobs and tasks, including housework, childcare and is essential to life

Question 6

1996 adjustments to maternity benefits

Answer 6

eligibility for benefits was now to be based on the number of hours worked rather than the number of weeks, and the amount women received was reduced from 60 percent to a maximum of 55% of their regular salary

Question 7

2001 adjustments to maternity leave legislation

Answer 7

moved maximum for maternity leave from 25 weeks to 50 weeks

Question 8

New economy

Answer 8

largely replaced industrial and manufacturing jobs with service sector jobs that are more dangerous

Question 9

Father involvement and child wellbeing

Answer 9

greater father involvement positively impacts a Childs cognitive development, educational attainment, and social skills

Question 10

Child Tax Benefit vs family allowances act

Answer 10

conservatives tore down the universal family benefits and replaced it only with a system that targeted low income families

Question 11

National Child Benefit Supplement

Answer 11

under Jean Chretien, only low income families could receive the maximum annual amount
problems: could be taken back by federal government if families were receiving provincial support (welfare)
reinforced ideas of deserving and undeserving poor; discriminated against single mothers, since they were the majority that collected welfare
NO EVIDENCE THAT IT HELPED FAMILIES AT ALL

Question 12

National Child Benefit Reinvestment

Answer 12

equivalent of the national child benefit supplement, just for the reserves; only low income families could receive the maximum annual amount

Question 13

Canada Child Benefit, Trudeau

Answer 13

progressive system of benefits that targets families needing it most; with increase for children with disabilities or other special care needs

Question 14

Populations most vulnerable to state surveillance and child apprehension

Answer 14

low income, women fleeing violence, black and Indigenous families

Question 15

Why are foster children more likely to experience abuse?

Answer 15

cannot monitor every foster household due to the sheer volume of children in these systems

Question 16

Child youth and family enhancement act, 2004, bill 40

Answer 16

parents who adopt a child who has been a permanent ward of the provincial government will receive the same benefits given to foster parents until the child id 18

Question 17

Feminist perspective of poverty

Answer 17

focusing only on children in poverty doesn’t alleviate the fact that their parents are poor and need better jobs and access to equal opportunity
poverty is racialized: not every immigrant or racialized person knows the benefits they are entitled to, has the resources to access it, time
family allowance policies do not account for the fact that the majority of people in poverty are women, does not account for their unpaid labour,

Question 18

2018 Poverty Reduction Stragedy

Answer 18

strategy builds on CCB and includes the Canadia works Benefit (refundable tax credit) to supplement the earnings of low income workers, benefits for seniors, and Canada’s first national housing strategy; used the market basket measure to identify the official poverty line

Question 19

Conservative Harris government and gender blind parental benefit policy

Answer 19

erased mothers from social policy, their unpaid social reproduction in the hime was no longer recognized by the state

Question 20

Privatization of care

Answer 20

usually done by women of color, immigrants, low educated women: leads to outsourcing to private resources which excludes low income families from being able to do this

Question 21

Quebec; strength in numbers, prenatal strategy and family support policy

Answer 21

state interventionist model: social democratic state method, more government intervention and stronger universal support, strength in numbers ideology defending its independence against English Canada culture has led to prenatal policies

Question 22

Ministry of Family and Children, 1997 Quebec goals

Answer 22

establish a unified child allowance program for low income families, implement maternity/parental leave insurance plan where parental remuneration increased during and following pregnancy, provide network of government regulated highly subsidized childcare facilities

Question 23

Social democracy vs liberal welfare state

Answer 23

liberal welfare state: less intervention, target specific kinds of low income families, don’t bother with balancing paid work and family life
Social democracy: higher levels of intervention, more universal

Question 24

Helping Families in Need Act

Answer 24

gave new foster parents speedier parental benefits, allowed the self-employed to receive EI maternity, improve EI for military families, and extend compassionate care benefits for family on the gravely ill (

Question 25

Individual vs social responsibility model

Answer 25

individual: mothers and fathers are equally responsible for family economic wellbeing and providing care to family members; state responsibilities only arise when fathers are absent and cannot fulfill their responsibilities
Social: minimizing gender stratification without privileging legal marriage over other relationships, parents bear responsibility whether residing with children or not, does not distinguish between same sex and heterosexual

Question 26

heteronormative gender contract

Answer 26

male breadwinner and female caregiver idea

Question 27

only province with completely subsidized healthcare

Answer 27

Quebec, moving toward social democracy instead of liberal welfare state, more support and intervention