Ch. 15 - Ethical Considerations Flashcards
What is deontology?
The notion that some actions are inherently unethical and should never be performed.
What is ethical skepticism?
The idea that concrete and inviolate moral codes cannot be formulated, and ethical rules are relative to time and culture.
What is utilitarianism?
The belief that one should weigh the potential benefits of an action against its potential costs.
What school of thought does the APA use?
A mostly utilitarian view.
What are 5 potential benefits of research?
Basic knowledge, improvement of research or assessment techniques, benefits for researchers, practical outcomes, and benefits for research participants.
What are 4 potential costs of research?
Participants’ invested time and effort, physical and mental welfare, the monetary costs, and the potential detriment to a profession or society.
What 6 issues dominate the institutional review board’s discussion of ethical issues?
Lack of adequate informed consent, invasion of privacy, coercion, potential harm, deception, and violation of confidentiality.
What is the most common problem with informed consent?
It may compromise the validity of the data.
According to the textbook, what are the four goals of debriefing?
Clarifying the nature of the study, removing stress or negative consequences induced, obtaining participants’ reactions to the study, and ensuring participants’ leave the study feeling good about their participation.
Under what age can children, with the consent of parents, be forced to participate.
Under the age of 12.
What does the most serious category of scientific misconduct include?
Fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism.
What does the “problematic” category of scientific misconduct involve?
Problems of ownership, failing to report data inconsistent with views, and not making data available.
What is the third category of scientific misconduct?
Unethical behaviour; abuse of power, discrimination, etc.
