CH 15-Differential Diagnosis Flashcards
define differential diagnosis
narrowing possibilities and reaching conclusions about nature of deficit
T or F: when doing a speech eval, always try and make a diagnosis
true
reasons for not being able to make a diagnosis…
noncooperative pt, uncertain findings
ataxic implies involvement of what structure
cerebellar involvement
hypo/hyperkinetic implies involvement of what structure
basal ganglia involvement
if diagnosis cant be determined, don’t make diagnosis. instead state words like…
equivocal, possible, probably
what are the guidelines for making a differential diagnosis
- always try to make a diagnosis. 2. describe findings if diagnosis cant be made. 3. if diagnosis is undetermined, don’t make diagnosis. 4. relate speech diagnosis to neurological diagnosis. 5. account for all deviant characteristics. 6. an evaluation doesn’t always have to find deviant speech 7. provide label for diagnosis
causes of dysarthria
vascular, degenerative, TBI, surgical trauma, toxic and metabolic conditions, infectious/inflammatory conditions, demyelinating diseases, anatomic malformations, neuromotor junction disorders
vascular etiologies can cause what kind of dysarthria?
any. primarily UUMN, spastic, and ataxic. hemorraghic stroke is the most common cause of dysarthrias
degenerative diseases can cause what kind of dysarthria?
any. primarily spastic, ataxic, hypo, flaccid dysarthrias.
Ex: ALS frequent cause of flaccid spastic but other types of dysarthrias are not usually seen in ALS
Ex: Parkinsons only associated with hypo
TBI can cause what kind of dysarthria?
any but in closed head injury the most common type is spastic. OHI does not cause flaccid. skull fractures and neck traumas cause flaccid
surgical trauma can cause what kind of dysarthria?
can cause any type but hypo. surgeries involved with ear, nose throat, chest cardiac areas are only associated with flaccid. neurosurgery can cause CNS dysarthrias as well as flaccid
toxic/metabolic conditions can cause what kind of dysarthria?
any except flaccid or UUMN. most often hyper and ataxic
infectious/ inflammatory conditions can cause what kind of dysarthria?
rarely cause dysarthrias
demyelinating diseases can cause what kind of dysarthria?
any but hypo is rare. type depends on disorder. guillan barre-flaccid. MS-ataxic
anatomic malformations can cause what kind of dysarthria?
Arnold chiari most often associated with flaccid
neuromotor junction disorder can cause what kind of dysarthria?
only flaccid bc they are PNS diseases
etiology particularly undertermined with what dysarthrias?
hyper, spastic, ataxic
