CH 11 Apraxia of Speech

Question 1

what is apraxia?

Answer 1

problem with motor programming of speech movements

Question 2

what is dysarthria?

Answer 2

problems with muscles/movement

Question 3

what is aphasia?

Answer 3

a linguistic/language problem

Question 4

AOS may co-occur with….?

Answer 4

oral and limb apraxia

Question 5

AOS has also been called….?

Answer 5

speech apraxia and oral verbal apraxia

Question 6

AOS also confused with ____ bc the phonologic impairment similarity and similar sites of lesions

Answer 6

Brocas aphasia

Question 7

what is responsible for programming speech and how?

Answer 7

motor speech programmer transforms abstract phonemes to neural code from which motor programming can occur that determines specific muscle movements needed

Question 8

where are motor speech plans held?

Answer 8

buffer area

Question 9

where is MSP located

Answer 9

left hemisphere. structures involved are located in parietal frontal and related subcortical circuits

Question 10

linguistic input to MSP comes from

Answer 10

perisylvan area in l. hemisphere. includes temporoparietal cortex, insula, thalamus, basal ganglia

Question 11

insula is located where?

Answer 11

under temoral and frontal lobes

Question 12

Dr. Robin has found what area to be involved in apraxia?

Answer 12

brodmann’s area 6

Question 13

areas primarily involved with MSP?

Answer 13

premotor area (specifically Brocas area, supplemental motor area, basal ganglia, and cerebellar circuits), parietal lobe somatosensory cortex and supramarginal gyrus, insula, basal ganglia (striatum)

Question 14

most common sites of lesions in AOS are…..

Answer 14

Broca’s area, insula, basal ganglia

Question 15

nonspeech characteristics that may accompany AOS?

Answer 15

right sided weakness, spasticity, Babinski reflex, hyperactive stretch reflexes, limb apraxia

Question 16

what causes apraxia?

Answer 16

tumors, stroke, trauma (primarily stroke)

Question 17

pts with apraxia complain of…..

Answer 17

know what they want to say but words don’t come out right

Question 18

is swallowing associated with AOS?

Answer 18

no. if it is present, may indicate dysarthria and dysphagia

Question 19

clinical findings for oral mech exam

Answer 19

if dysarthria does not co-occur, gag reflex, swallowing, and chewing should be WNL and note wether or not oral sensation is impaired

Question 20

clinical findings for non verbal oral apraxia

Answer 20

can perform involuntary movements but not involuntary

Question 21

always assess for what when evaluating apraxia…?

Answer 21

limb apraxia, NVOA, aphasia

Question 22

what can cause more severe breakdowns in individuals with AOS and Broca’s than in normal speakers?

Answer 22

Delayed Auditory Feedback

Question 23

to assess speech, what tasks would you administer?

Answer 23

voluntary (conversational, narratives, reading), SMR’s and multisyllabic words and sentences, increasingly complex words (endear, endearing, endearingly), imitation tasks (to assess aphasia)

Question 24

what to look for when assessing for AOS?

Answer 24

pts may do okay of automatic and overlearned (days of week), false articulatory starts (self correct), groping for articulators, articulatory distortions (with paraphasias seen in aphasia there are no distortions), rate and prosodic problems, non fluent

Question 25

according to Julie wambaugh, what are the most important diagnostic criteria for AOS?

Answer 25

slowed rate of speech, sound errors (distortions, consistent, predictable), prosodic abnormalities

Question 26

a person with severe AOS may not initially be able to phonate and be mute for 2 weeks. if lasts longer, diagnoses may be…..

Answer 26

severe, aphasia, anarthria, psychogenic mutism

Question 27

what are the characteristics of aphasia?

Answer 27

telegrammatic speech, free flowing phonemic jargon or phonological errors, semantic/syntactic errors, comprehension, reading, writing affected, diadochokinetic rates normal, variable self monitoring

Question 28

what are the characteristics of apraxia

Answer 28

speech halting with disrupted prosody, dysfluent with articulatory erros, no semantic or syntactic errors, no problems with comprehension, reading or writing, diadochokinetic rates usually poor, self monitoring is good