ch. 15: becoming part of the community Flashcards
Neglected child
A child who does not appear to be high on either the like or dislike scale of an assessment of sociometric status. Neglected children are often shy and withdrawn, and they are largely ignored by their peers.
Sociometric status
A person’s social standing in a group, often computed from a
combination of ratings of how much the person is liked and disliked by peers in that group.
Patenting styles
Authoritative: demanding but caring; good parent-child communication.
Authoritarian: Assertion of parental power without warmth.
Indulgent: Warm towards child but lax in setting limits
Neglecting: Indifferent and uninvolved with child.
Child effect
A genetically determined behavior in a child that evokes a particular kind of behavioral response in the parent.
Confluence theory
The theory that as family size grows, there is a corresponding drop in the overall intellectual climate in the family because many conversations and interactions would be between children rather than between adults and children.
Ecological systems approach
An approach to the study of families that emphasizes the
various contexts in which children develop and how children fit into those contexts.
Nuclear family
A family typically consisting of the mother and father as heads of the household, along with their children.
Parenting style definition
The behaviors and attitudes that parents have toward their children, which together create a particular parenting environment or climate.
Sibling differentiation
A phenomenon in which siblings strive to occupy contrasting social and skill niches as a way of developing their own distinctive identities in a family. This is in
contrast to the case where younger siblings imitate older ones.
Scaffolding
A teaching method in which a more knowledgeable individual (e.g., a teacher, parent, or peer) provides temporary support to a learner to help them accomplish a task or understand a concept that they could not manage independently.
zone of proximal development
Vygotskis theory
refers to the range of tasks that a learner can perform with assistance but not yet independently. It represents the potential for learning, where effective instruction and scaffolding are most impactful.
Different play roles (5 types)
solitary play: playing alone
parallel play: 2 or more playing individually but in the same sphere
Associative play: type of play where children engage in the same activity or share materials, but they do not coordinate their actions or work towards a common goal.
Cooperative play: a more advanced type of play where children actively collaborate, share ideas, and work together towards a common goal. This type of play requires communication, negotiation, and teamwork.
Make belief/ pretend play: starting 16-18 m and developing in complexity throughout preschool years.
Rule governed games (board games, sports), hobbies.
