Ch 15: Acids and Bases

Question 1

acid properties

Answer 1

1. aqueous solutions of acids have a sour taste
2. acids change the color of acid-base indicators
3. some acids react with active metals to release hydrogen gas
4. acids react with bases to produce salts and water
5. some acids conduct electric current

Question 2

binary acid

Answer 2

an acid that contains only two elements: hydrogen and one of the more electronegative elements

Question 3

binary acid nomenclature

Answer 3

1. the name of a binary acid begins with the prefix hydro-
2. the root of the name of the second element follows this prefix
3. the name then eds with the suffix -ic

Question 4

oxyacid

Answer 4

an acid that is a compound of hydrogen, oxygen, and a third element, usually a nonmetal

Question 5

base properties

Answer 5

1. aqueous solutions of bases taste bitter
2. bases change the color of acid-base indicators
3. dilute aqueous solutions of bases feel slippery
4. bases react with acids to produce salts and water
5. bases conduct electric current

Question 6

Arrhenius acid

Answer 6

a chemical compound that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in aqueous solution (H+)

Question 7

Arrhenius base

Answer 7

a substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions OH- in an aqueous solution

Question 8

strong acid

Answer 8

one that ionizes completely in aqueous oslution

Question 9

weak acid

Answer 9

acids that are weak electrolytes are known as weak acids

Question 10

alkaline

Answer 10

when a base completely dissociates in water to yield aqueous OH- ions, the solution is referred to as alkaline

Question 11

Bronsted-Lowry acid-base reaction

Answer 11

protons are transferred from one reactant (the acid) to another (the base)

Question 12

Bronsted-Lowry acid

Answer 12

a molecule or ion that is a proton donor

Question 13

Bronsted-Lowry base

Answer 13

a molecule or ion that is a proton acceptor

Question 14

monoprotic acid

Answer 14

an acid that can donate only one proton (h+) per mole

Question 15

polyprotic acid

Answer 15

an acid that can donate more than one proton per molecule

Question 16

lewis acid

Answer 16

an atom, ion, or molecule that accepts an electron pair to form a covalent bond

Question 17

lewis base

Answer 17

an atom, ion, or molecule that donates an electron pair to form a covalent bond

Question 18

lewis acid-base reaction

Answer 18

the formation of one or more covalent bonds between an electron-pair donor and an electron-pair acceptor

Question 19

lewis acid-base reaction

Answer 19

the formation of one or more covalent bonds between an electron-pair donor and an electron-pair acceptor

Question 20

conjugate base

Answer 20

the species that remains after a Bronsted-Lowry acid that has given up a proton

Question 21

conjugate acid

Answer 21

the species that remains after a Bronsted-Lowry acid that has gains a proton

Question 22

What does the extent of the reaction between a Bronsted Lowry acid and base depend on?

Answer 22

The relative strength of the acids and bases involved; the stronger an acid/base, the weaker its conjugate.

Question 23

amphoteric

Answer 23

any species that can react as either an acid or a base

Question 24

hydroxyl group

Answer 24

the covalently bonded -OH group in an acid

Question 25

neutralization

Answer 25

the reaction of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions to form water molecules

Question 26

salt

Answer 26

an ionic compound composed of a ation from a base and an anion from an acid