Ch. 15

Question 1

Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin

Answer 1

-Thesis said that the simplest light gases (hydrogen and helium) are the most abundant elements in stars.

Question 2

Types of Energy Transport

Answer 2

Convection, Conduction, Radiation

Question 3

Sunspots

Answer 3

• 2000 degrees cooler than rest of the Sun (3800 K)
• On photosphere
• Rotate across sun’s surface

Question 4

Granulation Pattern

Answer 4

Surface markings of convection cells create this pattern

Question 5

Sun’s Atmosphere (In→Out)

Answer 5

Photosphere (coolest), Chromosphere, Corona

Question 6

Transition Region

Answer 6

Part of sun where rapid temperature increase occurs

Question 7

Coronal Hole

Answer 7

Dark area regions of corona where magnetic field lines stretch far away from Sun; predominant source of solar wind (aurora lights)

Question 8

Plages

Answer 8

Regions within chromosphere that have higher temp + density that their surroundings // spectral lines of hydrogen + calcium most easily observed

Question 9

Prominences

Answer 9

• Originate near sunspots
• Quiescent: graceful loops
• Eruptive: send matter upward into the corona
• Surge: even faster

Question 10

Solar Flare

Answer 10

Rapid eruption that usually lasts 5-10 minutes, sometimes even hours

Question 11

Ionization on Sun

Answer 11

Sun is so hot that many of its atoms are stripped of one or more electrons

Question 12

Sun’s Core

Answer 12

Approximately 20% size of solar interior; hottest part

Question 13

Radiative Zone

Answer 13

Primary mode of transporting energy across it; spans from core to 70% to surface

Question 14

Convective Zone

Answer 14

Transports energy from the edge of the radiative zone to the surface; makes up outer 30%

Question 15

Red Emission Line

Answer 15

Hydrogen

Question 16

Yellow Emission Line

Answer 16

Helium

Question 17

Solar Wind

Answer 17

Exists because of rapid hot gas in the corona not held by solar gravity; mainly protons and electrons (400km/sec)

Question 18

Solar Wind

Answer 18

Exists because of rapid hot gas in the corona not held by solar gravity; mainly protons and electrons (400km/sec)

Question 19

Sunspot Maximum

Answer 19

Occurs around every 11 years; more than 100 spots can be seen at once

Question 20

Zeeman Effect

Answer 20

As an electron changes level, the result is a sharp, narrow spectral line (absorption or emission line)

Question 21

Sunspot Cycle

Answer 21

Polarity of leading spots is reversed in each hemisphere

Question 22

Sunspot Cycle

Answer 22

Polarity of leading spots is reversed in each hemisphere

Question 23

Maunder Minimum

Answer 23

17th century where sunspot #s were significantly low // caused “little ice age”