Ch. 14 wk. 5

Question 1

Punishment

Answer 1

• occurs when a response/behavior is followed immediately by a stimulus change that decreases the future frequency of that type of behavior
• positive or negative punishment

Question 2

Positive Punishment

Answer 2

• adding a stimulus
• the presentation of an (aversive) stimulus or an increase in the intensity of an already present stimulus immediately following a behavior
• results in a DECREASE in frequency of the behavior

Question 3

Negative Punishment

Answer 3

• removing a stimulus
• occurs when the removal of an already present stimulus or a decrease in the intensity of an already present stimulus immediately following a behavior
• results in a DECREASE in the future frequency of the behavior
• how motivating the stimulus is will affect the effectiveness of the punishment (how much do they like or want something)

Question 4

Punisher

Answer 4

• a stimulus change that immediately follows a response and DECREASES future occurrences of that type of behavior

Question 5

Conditional Punisher

Answer 5

• a stimulus change whose presentation functions as punishment as a result of a person’s conditioning history
• acquires the capability to function as a punisher through stimulus-stimulus painting with one or more unconditioned or previously conditioned punishers

Question 6

Unconditional Punisher

Answer 6

• a stimulus whose presentation functions as punishment without having been paired with any other punishers
• biologically innate
• Ex: pain, odors and tastes, physical restraint, extreme muscular effort

Question 7

Socially Mediated Punishment

Answer 7

• the punishment is defined neither by the actions of the person delivering the consequences nor by the nature of those consequences
• The behavior must be observed before a consequence-based intervention qualifies as punishment

Question 8

Automatic Punishment

Answer 8

• occurs independent of the social mediation of others

- a response product serves as a punisher independent of the social environment

Question 9

Side Effects of Punishment

Answer 9

• the elicitation of undesirable emotional responses and aggression, escape, and avoidance, and an increased rate of problem behavior under non punishment conditions
• Modeling undesirable behaviors and overusing punishment because reductions in problem behavior can function as negative reinforcement for caregivers

Question 10

Response Blocking

Answer 10

• physically intervening as soon as the person begins to emit the problem behavior, to prevent the completion of the response
• Effective in reducing the frequency of some problem behaviors such as chronic hanged mouthing, eye poking, and pica (mouthing behaviors)

Question 11

Overcorrection

Answer 11

• behavior reduction tactic in which the learner is required to engage in effortful behavior that is directly or logically related to the problem behavior

Question 12

Positive Practice

Answer 12

• the learning is required to repeatedly perform a correct form of the behavior or a behavior incompatible with the problem behavior for a specified duration of time pr number of responses

Question 13

Restitution

Answer 13

• the learner is required to repair the damage caused by the problem behavior by returning the environment to its original state and then to engage in additional behavior that brings the environment to a condition better than it was prior to the misbehavior

Question 14

Contingent Exercise

Answer 14

• an intervention in which the client is required to perform a response that is not topographically related to the problem behavior
• Effective as punishment for self-stimulatory, stereotypic disruptive, aggressive and self injurious behaviors