Ch. 14: The ISO at Wildland and Interface Fires Flashcards
What term is usually applied to the use of structurally oriented firefighters and equipment to prevent the spread of vegetation fires to structures?
interface
What are the well-known factors that effect fire spread at wildland fires?
Wind, topography, and fuels
A wildland fire term used to describe the sudden advancement and increase in fire due to wind, prewarmed fuels, or topographic features, such as narrow canyon or a chimney.
blow-up
A sudden, short-lived rise in fire intensity, attributed to wind, fuel, or topographical changes.
flaring
What can be a warning sign of an upcoming blow-up?
flaring
The fire can generally be attacked directly using hand lines and tools.
Wildfire flame length - Less than 4 feet
The fire is too intense for a direct attack on the head. A flanking attack with increased GPM may be effective. Indirect firebreaks and wet lines are advisable.
Wildfire flame length - 4 to 8 feet
The fire presents serious control problems. Direct fire attacks are dangerous.
Wildfire flame length - 8 to 11 feet
Major fire runs are likely. Defensive measures are required.
Wildfire flame length - Over 11 feet
What does the nature of wildland fires tend to cause victims to do?
self-rescue
If there was a victim question that is resolved, what is the prevailing life risk?
To firefighters
Why is the ISO not in a good position to evaluate operational effectiveness at most wildland fires?
Because of distance, terrain, and smoke.
What may be helpful where the geographical layout of the incident minimizes ISO effectiveness?
The use of roving ASOs.
What may prove to be troublesome in the initial stages of the wildfire?
The collection of accountability passports.
What are many of the zones used for wildfire based on?
The descriptive parts of the wildfire.
In which zones may firefighters working between them be endangered?
The head/flanks and spots.
How are threatened structures be generally classified in wildland fires?
Defensible or indefensible.
What is the portion of the wildland where fire has already past called?
The burn or the black.
What is generally the safe zone for firefighters, although CO exposure and reburn are risks?
The black
What are firefighters using structural PPE for wildland incidents at extreme risk for?
Heat stress
What lead the list of factors that required significant attention to rehab at wildland fires?
Exposure to heat, smoke, and physical exertion.
Physically stressed firefighters should not be allowed to leave the incident;
they should remain in rehab until they have been medically cleared or are transported to a definitive care facility.
What is the leading traffic concern at wildland incidents?
Smoke obscuration
The ISO should request an ASO at wildland fires in certain circumstances:
- Fires that impact a widespread geographical area
- When a plans section is established.
- Fires that are active for more than four hours.
- Anytime a base camp is established.
What should structural firefighters engaged in wildland fire practice during the incident?
Back off from their typical pace.
Who can help with recon in the wildland fires, and their reports are important not only to the ISO but to the IC as well?
ASOs or lookouts
If an elevated feature affords a good sight line,
take advantage of it as long as there is no remote possibility that the fire will go there.
What are the purposes of recon at a wildland incident?
To define the principal hazard, judge the potential for environmental change (integrity), define the impact of the physical surrounding, and equate the exposure of crews to the environment and principal hazard.
The principal hazard in most wildland environments can result from one of three causes:
- rapid fire spread
- traffic issues
- physical exertion
LACES
Lookouts, awareness, communications methods, escape routes, safety zones
What is an important rapid withdrawal option that is essential for rapid retreat in the wildfire environment?
Backing apparatus into dead-ends, driveways, and structural protection assignments.
What are the general ISO duties that apply at the wildland fire?
monitoring risk, operational effectiveness, and personal safety systems.
Which is NOT one of three causes for the principle hazard in most wildland environments?
Fire reburn
What is the act of intentionally being hit by the fire
retardant being dropped from an aircraft which can result in firefighter injury?
Sliming
What is the short-lived sudden rise in fire intensity?
Flaring
What type of wildland fire may the ISO function be
transferred to a regional or state person who is trained
for the role?
Type 3
At what wildfire flame length can the fire generally be
attacked directly using hand lines and tools?
Less than 4 feet
What is the leading traffic concern at wildland incidents?
Smoke obscuration
Which physical surrounding hazard tops the list at
wildland fire incidents?
Trip and fall
Which is a large campaign-type wildfire that requires the
coordination of a significant number of interstate and
federal resources?
Type 1
What is the time window for effectiveness at a wildland
fire usually measured in?
Minutes and hours
What should be evaluated if after the initial adrenaline
has worn off the firefighters are NOT showing the same
energy at the wildfire incident?
Rehab operations
Which type of wildland fire requires regional mutual aid
and specialized state and federal resources for
containment and extinguishment?
Type 3
How long could it take to make a structure defensible
against an advancing fire?
20 to 30 minutes
What should the rehab attendants consider for any
firefighter who exhibits signs of possible heat stress at
the wildfire incident?
Cardiac monitoring
After what length of time of active fire at the wildland
fire incident should the ISO request an ASO?
4 hours
Approximately how long should a fit firefighter be able to
work hard with effective rehab at a wildfire?
10- to 12-hours
Which is an effective way the ISO can take a tour of the
wildland fire incident scene?
Helicopter
Which type of wildland fire exceeds the resource
capabilities of initial responders but is manageable with
additional resources?
Type 4
Which is generally a safe zone for the firefighter at a
wildfire incident?
Burn
What can be done to remind drivers to use spotters when
driving small, mobile brush patrol vehicles?
Broadcast a general safety message over the radio
Which class foam is used in wildland environments?
A
Which type of wildland fire can be contained and
extinguished with local initial responders?
Type 5
What acronym is used to address rapid withdrawal options?
LACES
What is the wildland fire term used to describe the sudden advancement and increase in fire intensity due to wind?
Blow-up
Which is the interpretation that should be made when the
wildfire flame length is 4 to 8 feet?
The fire is too intense for a direct attack method.
What happens to active firefighting operations at a
wildfire incident at dark?
Suspend them
Which is NOT top on the list of factors that require
significant attention to rehab at the wildfire incident?
Emotional stress
