Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

path II exam 3 > Ch. 14 slide 35-66 > Flashcards

Ch. 14 slide 35-66 Flashcards

1
Q

what is esophagitis? MC cause? % of U.S. adults?

A

esophageal inflammation; reflux esophagitis (GERD); 25-40% of adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is Chemical esophagitis?

A

acute, self-limited; tobacco, alcohol, pill-induced etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is infectious esophagitis?

A

MC secondary to Ulcer; HSV, CMV, fungal; severe mucosal necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mallory-Weiss tear?

A

MC cause of esophageal laceration; inadequate LES relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hematemesis occurs in 80% of upper G.I bleeds from a Mallory-Weiss tear

A

false; 50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is a hiatal hernia?

A

widening of esophageal hiatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

types of hiatal hernia?

A

Axial (sliding)- bell shaped, MC 95%

Non-axial (rolling)- separate portion of stomach protrudes, prone to strangulation or obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

hiatal hernias occur in 90% of all adults and only 20% of those are asymptomatic

A

false; 20% of all adults get one; 90% are asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

hiatal hernia symptoms?

A

esophagitis; possible perforation; MC among non-axial type

DDx: angina pectoris; GERD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is barrett esophagus?

A

esophageal metaplasia- stratified squamous and columnar epi with goblet cells; distal esophagus; preneoplastic lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

who is at risk for Barrett esophagus?

A

males 4x; Caucasians 30-100x, obese; 40-60 yrs. old; family hx.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

complications of Barrett esophagus?

A

esophageal carcinoma (30-100x); ulcerations, strictures; METAPLASIA- red, velvety mucosa, the bands extend superiorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

types of esophageal tumors

A

leiomyoma; adenocarcinoma (50% of US esophageal cancer); squamous cell carcinoma (MC worldwide, 90% of esophageal cancer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Esophageal adenocarcinoma

A

developed nations; MC in late stages- obstruction, vomiting, cachexia, fatigue
Early invasion of lymphatic’s has POOR prognosis <25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

esophageal adenocarcinoma doesn’t have a diffuse infiltration, its in the upper 1/3 of esophagus, & is not associated with TP53.

A

false; distal 1/3, Does have diffuse infiltration with flat or raised patches; commonly has TP53 mutation early on.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

who is at risk for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

A

> 45 male (4x), Af. Am. (6x), alcohol, tobacco, HPV (3x); rural, underdeveloped, poverty

17
Q

esoph. squam. cell carc. has a poor prognosis if mets to lymphatics

A

true; <10% 5 year survival

18
Q

features of esoph. squam. cell carc.

A

may cause strictures/rigidity, hemorrhage, or fistula; dysphagia, odynophagia, cahexia

19
Q

where does esoph. sqam. cell carc. occur?

A

middle 1/3 of esophagus

20
Q

what is gastritis? risks? types?

A

inflammation of gastric mucosa;

risks: alcohol, nsaid’s, age, chemo; commonly asymptomatic
types: acute & chronic

21
Q

acute gastritis

A

acute inset: transient inflam. neutrophils

-acute erosive hemorrhagic gastritis is possible

22
Q

acute peptic ulceration

A

severe stress; NSAID’s; coffee ground hematemesis; heal within days/weeks

23
Q

chronic gastritis

A

less severe, more prolonged; assoc. with peptic ulcers

24
Q

complications of chronic gastritis

A 
peptic ulcer disease
gastric adenocarcinoma (5x)
25
Q

10-20% of chronic gastritis have h. pylori infxn.

A

false; 70-90%

26
Q

effects of chronic gastritis

A

inc. acid prod.; epi metaplasia
MC ~60 yrs. old
pernicious anemia- Ab’s to parietal cells

27
Q

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

A

develops in highly acidic areas: Prox. duodenum (4x); gastric antrum
Has solitary “punched out “ lesion

28
Q

PUD causes

A

NSAID; heli. pylori; older age, alcohol, smoking, corticosteroids

29
Q

Does PUD have epigastric pain?

A

yes; MC at night 1-3 hours after eating, relieved by alkaline substances

30
Q

treat PUD?

A

antibiotics, PPI’s, H2 receptor antagonist

if perforation/hemorrhage= medical emergency

31
Q

duodenal PUD

A

relieved by food; pain returns 1-3 hours after eating

32
Q

gastric PUD

A

less predictable- empty stomach or after eating

33
Q

shared charac. of duodenal & gastric PUD

A

relieved by alkaline; worse at night; inconsistent pain patterns

34
Q

what are gastric polyps? MC type?

A

mass projecting from mucosa; inflammatory & hyperplastic polyp MC (75%)

35
Q

what makes up more than 90% of gastric cancers?

A

gastric adenocarcinomas

36
Q

where is gastric adenocarc. MC? risks?

A

japan (20x); h. pylori, EBC

37
Q

symptoms of gastric adenocarc.

A

MC develop late; gastritis, nausea, anorexia, weight loss, altered bowels, anemia, hemorrhage

path II exam 3 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions