Ch 14 - Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
periosteum
A
outermost layer of the bone, made up of fibrous tissue
2
Q
compact bone
A
dense, hard layers of bone tissue that lie underneath the periosteum
3
Q
cancellous bone
A
contains little spaces like a sponge and is encased in the layers of compact bone
aka spongy bone
4
Q
endosteum
A
membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone
5
Q
diaphysis
A
shaft of the long bones
greek word diaphusis meaning state of growing in between
6
Q
epiphysis
A
end of each long bone
7
Q
bone marrow
A
material found in the cavities of bones
8
Q
red marrow
A
thick, bloodlike material found in flat bones and ends of long bones; location of blood cell formation
9
Q
yellow marrow
A
soft, fatty material found in the medullary cavity of long bones
10
Q
maxilla
A
upper jawbone
11
Q
mandible
A
lower jawbone
12
Q
vertebral column
A
made up of bones called vertebrae through which the spinal cord runs
the vertebral column protects the spinal cord supports the head and provides points of attachment for ribs and muscles
13
Q
cervical vertebrae
A
first set of seven bones, forming the neck
C1-C7
14
Q
thoracic vertebrae
A
second set of 12 vertebrae
articulates with the 12 pairs of ribs to form the outward curve of the spine
T1-T12
15
Q
lumbar vertebrae
A
third set of five larger vertebrae, which forms the inward curve of the spine
L1-L5
16
Q
sacrum
A
next five vertebrae, which fuse together form a triangular bone positioned between the two hip bones, forming joints called the sacroiliac joints
17
Q
coccyx
A
four vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone
18
Q
lamina
A
part of the vertebral arch
19
Q
acromion processes
A
extension of the scapula, which forms the superior point of the shoulder
20
Q
sternum
A
breastbone
21
Q
xiphoid process
A
lower portion of the sternum
22
Q
humerous
A
upper arm bone
23
Q
ulna and radius
A
lower arm bones
24
Q
olecranon process
A
projection at the proximal end of the ulna that forms the bony point of the elbow
25
carpal bones
wrist bones
26
metacarpal bones
hand bones aka metacarpus
27
phalanx
pl. phalanges
finger and toe bones
28
pelvis
made up of three bones fused together
aka pelvic bones and hip bones
29
ischium
lower, wing shaped part on each side of the pelvis
30
ilium
upper, wing-shaped part on each side of the pelvis
31
acetabulum
large socket in the pelvis for the head of the femur
32
femur
upper leg bone
33
tibia and fibula
lower leg bones
34
patella
kneecap
35
tarsal bones
ankle bones
36
calcaneus
heel bone
37
metatarsal bones
foot bones
38
joint
junction of two or more bones, which often allows for movement of these bones
39
cartilage
firm connective tissue primarily found in joints
| articular cartilage covers the contacting surfaces of bones
40
meniscus
crescent shaped cartilage found in some joints, including the knee
41
intervertebral disk
cartilaginous pad found between the vertebrae in the spine
42
pubic symphysis
cartilaginous joint at which two pubic bones come together anteriorly at the midline
43
synovia
fluid secreted by the synovial membrane and found in joint cavities, bursae, around tendons
44
bursa
pl. bursae
fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another
45
ligament
flexible, tough band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches one bone to another at a joint
46
tendon
band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
47
aponeurosis
strong sheet of tissue that acts as a tendon to attach muscles to bone
48
combining form of rib
cost/o
49
combining form of vertebra, spine, vertebral column
rachi/o
spondyl/o
vertebr/o
50
combining form of stiff, bent
ankyl/o
51
combining form of movement, motion
kinesi/o
52
combining form of hump
kyph/o
53
combining form of bent forward
lord/o
54
combining form of stone
petr/o
55
combining form of lateral curved spine
scoli/o
56
suffix of weakness
-asthenia
57
suffix of surgical fixation, fusion
-desis
58
suffix of growth
-physis
59
suffix of split, fissure
-schisis
60
suffix of nourishment, development
-trophy
61
ankylosis
abnormal condition of stiffness (often referring to fufsion of a joint, such as the result of chronic rheumatoid arthritis
62
chondromalacia
softening of cartilage
63
cranioschisis
fissure of the cranium
64
dikitis
inflammation of an intervertebral disk
65
fibromyalgia
pain in the fibrous tissues and muscles
66
kyphosis
abnormal condition of bending forward
67
meniscitis
inflammation of a meniscus
68
myasthenia
muscle weakness
69
osteofibroma
tumor of the bone and fibrous tissue
70
osteomalacia
softening of bone
71
osteomyelitis
inflammation of the bone and bone marrow
72
osteopenia
abnormal reduction of bone mass
73
osteopetrosis
abnormal condition of stone-like bones
74
polymyositis
inflammation many muscle
75
rachischisis
fissure of the vertebral column
76
rhabdomyolysis
dissolution of striated muscle
77
sarcopenia
abnormal reduction of connective tissue
78
scoliosis
abnormal condition of lateral curved spine
79
spondylosis
abnormal condition of the vertebrae
80
synoviosarcoma
malignant tumor of the synovial membrane
81
tendinitis
inflammation of a tendon
82
tenosynovitis
inflammation of the tendon and synovial membrane
83
ankylosing spondylitis
form of arthritis that first affects the spine and adjacent structures and that, as it progresses, causes a forward bend of the spine
84
bunion
abnormal prominence of the joint at the base of the great toe, the metatarsal-phalangeal joint. common problem caused by genetics or poorly fitted shoes
85
carpal tunnel syndrome
common nerve entrapment disorder of the wrist caused by compression of the median nerve
symptoms include pain and tingling in portions of the hand and fingers
86
Colles fracture
wrist fracture
the fracture is at the distal end of the radius, the distal fragment being displaced backward
87
exostosis
abnormal benign growth on the surface of a bone
88
gout
disease in which an excessive amount of uric acid in the blood causes sodium urate crystals (tophi) to be deposited in the joints, producing arthritis
great toe is frequently affected
89
herniated disk
rupture of the intervertebral disk cartilage, which allows the contents to protrude through it, putting pressure on the spinal nerve roots
aka slipped disk, herniated nucleus pulposus
90
Lyme disease
infection caused by a bite from a deer tick infected with Borrelia burgdorferi
provokes an immune response in the body, the symptoms of which can mimic several musculoskeletal diseases
fever, headache, joint pain, lesion
91
muscular dystrophy
group of hereditary diseases characterized of degeneration of muscle and weakness
92
myasthenia gravis
chronic disease characterized by muscle weakness and thought to be caused by a defect in the transmission of impulses from nerve to muscle cell
face, larynx, throat are frequently affected
no true paralysis of the muscles exists
93
osteoporosis
abnormal loss of bone density that may lead to an increase in fractures of the ribs, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, hips, wrists after slight trauma
94
plantar fasciitis
inflammation of the plantar fascia, connective tissue of the sole of the foot, dt repetitive injury; common cause of heel pain
95
rheumatoid arthritis
chronic systemic disease characterized autoimmune inflammatory changes in the connective tissue throughout the body
96
spinal stenosis
narrowing of the spinal canal with compression of nerve roots.
not due to congenital nor spinal degeneration
symptoms are pain radiating to thigh or lower legs and numbness or tingling in the lower extremities
97
spondylolisthesis
forward slipping of one vertebra over another
-listhesis means slipping
98
aponeurorrhaphy
suturing of an aponeurosis
99
arthrocentesis
surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from a joint
100
arthrodesis
surgical surgical fixation of a joint
| aka joint fusion
101
arthroplasty
surgical repair of a joint
102
bursectomy
excision of a bursa
103
carpectomy
excision of a carpal bone
104
chondrectomy
excision of a cartilage
105
chrondroplasty
surgical repair of a cartilage
106
costectomy
excision of a rib
107
cranioplasty
surgical repair of the skull
108
craniotomy
incision into the cranium
as for surgery of the brain
109
diskectomy
excision of an intervertebral
110
laminectomy
excision of a lamina
111
maxillectomy
excision of the maxilla
112
meniscectomy
excision of a meniscus
performed for a torn cartilage
113
myorrhaphy
suturing of a muscle
114
ostECtomy
excision of bone
115
ostEOtomy
incision into a bone
116
patellectomy
excision of a patella
117
phalangectomy
excision of a finger or toe bone
118
rachiotomy
incision in the the vertebral column
119
spondylosyndesis
fusing together of the vertebrae
120
synovectomy
excision of the synovial membrane
121
tarsectomy
excision of one or more tarsal bones
122
tenomyoplasty
surgical repair of the tendon and muscle
123
tenorrhaphy
suturing of a tendon
124
vertebroplasty
surgical repair of a vertebra
125
arthrography
radiographic imaging of a joint
MRI has mostly replaced conventional arthrography
knees, wrist, hip, shoulder unless someone cannot have an MRI eg. PT with pacemaker
many are performed in conjunction with the MRI
126
arthroscopy
visual examination of a joint
127
electromyogram
record of the intrinsic electrical activity in a skeletal muscle
128
dyskinesia
difficult movement
129
lumbocostal
pertaining to the loins (lumbar) and the ribs
130
myalgia
pain in muscle
131
osteoblast
developing bone cell
132
osteonecrosis
abnormal condition of bone death
dt lack of blood supply
133
chiropractic
system of treatment that consists of manipulation of the vertebral column
134
crepitus
crackling sensation heard or felt when two bones rub against each other or grating caused by the rubbing together of dry surfaces of a joint
also used to describe the crackling sound heard with pneumonia
135
orthotics
making and fitting of orthopedic appliances such as arch supports, used to support, align, prevent or correct deformities
136
osteoclast
type of bone cell involved in absorption and removal of bone minerals.
works in balance with osteoblasts to maintain healthy bone tissue
137
osteopath
Doctor of Osteopathy
DO
138
orthopedist
physician who specializes in the study and treatment of diseases and abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system
139
osteopathy
system of medicine that uses the usual form of diagnosis and treatment but places greater emphasis on the relation between body organs and the musculoskeletal system; manipulation may be used in addition to other treatments
140
prosthesis
pl. protheses
artificial substitute for a missing body part such as a leg, eye, hip replacement
141
CTS
carpal tunnel syndrome
142
DC
doctor of chiropractic
143
EMG
electromyogram
144
fx
fracture
145
HNP
herniated nucleus pulposus
146
MD
muscular dystrophy
147
MG
myasthenia gravis
148
THA
total hip arthroplasty
149
TKA
total knee arthroplasty
