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Medical Terminology > Ch 14 - Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Ch 14 - Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

periosteum

A

outermost layer of the bone, made up of fibrous tissue

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2
Q

compact bone

A

dense, hard layers of bone tissue that lie underneath the periosteum

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3
Q

cancellous bone

A

contains little spaces like a sponge and is encased in the layers of compact bone

aka spongy bone

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4
Q

endosteum

A

membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone

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5
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft of the long bones

greek word diaphusis meaning state of growing in between

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6
Q

epiphysis

A

end of each long bone

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7
Q

bone marrow

A

material found in the cavities of bones

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8
Q

red marrow

A

thick, bloodlike material found in flat bones and ends of long bones; location of blood cell formation

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9
Q

yellow marrow

A

soft, fatty material found in the medullary cavity of long bones

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10
Q

maxilla

A

upper jawbone

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11
Q

mandible

A

lower jawbone

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12
Q

vertebral column

A

made up of bones called vertebrae through which the spinal cord runs

the vertebral column protects the spinal cord supports the head and provides points of attachment for ribs and muscles

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13
Q

cervical vertebrae

A

first set of seven bones, forming the neck

C1-C7

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14
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A

second set of 12 vertebrae
articulates with the 12 pairs of ribs to form the outward curve of the spine

T1-T12

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15
Q

lumbar vertebrae

A

third set of five larger vertebrae, which forms the inward curve of the spine
L1-L5

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16
Q

sacrum

A

next five vertebrae, which fuse together form a triangular bone positioned between the two hip bones, forming joints called the sacroiliac joints

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17
Q

coccyx

A

four vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone

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18
Q

lamina

A

part of the vertebral arch

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19
Q

acromion processes

A

extension of the scapula, which forms the superior point of the shoulder

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20
Q

sternum

A

breastbone

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21
Q

xiphoid process

A

lower portion of the sternum

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22
Q

humerous

A

upper arm bone

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23
Q

ulna and radius

A

lower arm bones

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24
Q

olecranon process

A

projection at the proximal end of the ulna that forms the bony point of the elbow

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25
Q

carpal bones

A

wrist bones

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26
Q

metacarpal bones

A

hand bones aka metacarpus

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27
Q

phalanx

A

pl. phalanges

finger and toe bones

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28
Q

pelvis

A

made up of three bones fused together

aka pelvic bones and hip bones

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29
Q

ischium

A

lower, wing shaped part on each side of the pelvis

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30
Q

ilium

A

upper, wing-shaped part on each side of the pelvis

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31
Q

acetabulum

A

large socket in the pelvis for the head of the femur

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32
Q

femur

A

upper leg bone

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33
Q

tibia and fibula

A

lower leg bones

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34
Q

patella

A

kneecap

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35
Q

tarsal bones

A

ankle bones

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36
Q

calcaneus

A

heel bone

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37
Q

metatarsal bones

A

foot bones

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38
Q

joint

A

junction of two or more bones, which often allows for movement of these bones

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39
Q

cartilage

A

firm connective tissue primarily found in joints

articular cartilage covers the contacting surfaces of bones

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40
Q

meniscus

A

crescent shaped cartilage found in some joints, including the knee

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41
Q

intervertebral disk

A

cartilaginous pad found between the vertebrae in the spine

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42
Q

pubic symphysis

A

cartilaginous joint at which two pubic bones come together anteriorly at the midline

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43
Q

synovia

A

fluid secreted by the synovial membrane and found in joint cavities, bursae, around tendons

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44
Q

bursa

A

pl. bursae

fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another

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45
Q

ligament

A

flexible, tough band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches one bone to another at a joint

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46
Q

tendon

A

band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

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47
Q

aponeurosis

A

strong sheet of tissue that acts as a tendon to attach muscles to bone

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48
Q

combining form of rib

A

cost/o

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49
Q

combining form of vertebra, spine, vertebral column

A

rachi/o
spondyl/o
vertebr/o

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50
Q

combining form of stiff, bent

A

ankyl/o

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51
Q

combining form of movement, motion

A

kinesi/o

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52
Q

combining form of hump

A

kyph/o

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53
Q

combining form of bent forward

A

lord/o

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54
Q

combining form of stone

A

petr/o

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55
Q

combining form of lateral curved spine

A

scoli/o

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56
Q

suffix of weakness

A

-asthenia

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57
Q

suffix of surgical fixation, fusion

A

-desis

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58
Q

suffix of growth

A

-physis

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59
Q

suffix of split, fissure

A

-schisis

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60
Q

suffix of nourishment, development

A

-trophy

61
Q

ankylosis

A

abnormal condition of stiffness (often referring to fufsion of a joint, such as the result of chronic rheumatoid arthritis

62
Q

chondromalacia

A

softening of cartilage

63
Q

cranioschisis

A

fissure of the cranium

64
Q

dikitis

A

inflammation of an intervertebral disk

65
Q

fibromyalgia

A

pain in the fibrous tissues and muscles

66
Q

kyphosis

A

abnormal condition of bending forward

67
Q

meniscitis

A

inflammation of a meniscus

68
Q

myasthenia

A

muscle weakness

69
Q

osteofibroma

A

tumor of the bone and fibrous tissue

70
Q

osteomalacia

A

softening of bone

71
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow

72
Q

osteopenia

A

abnormal reduction of bone mass

73
Q

osteopetrosis

A

abnormal condition of stone-like bones

74
Q

polymyositis

A

inflammation many muscle

75
Q

rachischisis

A

fissure of the vertebral column

76
Q

rhabdomyolysis

A

dissolution of striated muscle

77
Q

sarcopenia

A

abnormal reduction of connective tissue

78
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal condition of lateral curved spine

79
Q

spondylosis

A

abnormal condition of the vertebrae

80
Q

synoviosarcoma

A

malignant tumor of the synovial membrane

81
Q

tendinitis

A

inflammation of a tendon

82
Q

tenosynovitis

A

inflammation of the tendon and synovial membrane

83
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

form of arthritis that first affects the spine and adjacent structures and that, as it progresses, causes a forward bend of the spine

84
Q

bunion

A

abnormal prominence of the joint at the base of the great toe, the metatarsal-phalangeal joint. common problem caused by genetics or poorly fitted shoes

85
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

common nerve entrapment disorder of the wrist caused by compression of the median nerve

symptoms include pain and tingling in portions of the hand and fingers

86
Q

Colles fracture

A

wrist fracture

the fracture is at the distal end of the radius, the distal fragment being displaced backward

87
Q

exostosis

A

abnormal benign growth on the surface of a bone

88
Q

gout

A

disease in which an excessive amount of uric acid in the blood causes sodium urate crystals (tophi) to be deposited in the joints, producing arthritis

great toe is frequently affected

89
Q

herniated disk

A

rupture of the intervertebral disk cartilage, which allows the contents to protrude through it, putting pressure on the spinal nerve roots

aka slipped disk, herniated nucleus pulposus

90
Q

Lyme disease

A

infection caused by a bite from a deer tick infected with Borrelia burgdorferi

provokes an immune response in the body, the symptoms of which can mimic several musculoskeletal diseases

fever, headache, joint pain, lesion

91
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

group of hereditary diseases characterized of degeneration of muscle and weakness

92
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

chronic disease characterized by muscle weakness and thought to be caused by a defect in the transmission of impulses from nerve to muscle cell

face, larynx, throat are frequently affected
no true paralysis of the muscles exists

93
Q

osteoporosis

A

abnormal loss of bone density that may lead to an increase in fractures of the ribs, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, hips, wrists after slight trauma

94
Q

plantar fasciitis

A

inflammation of the plantar fascia, connective tissue of the sole of the foot, dt repetitive injury; common cause of heel pain

95
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

chronic systemic disease characterized autoimmune inflammatory changes in the connective tissue throughout the body

96
Q

spinal stenosis

A

narrowing of the spinal canal with compression of nerve roots.

not due to congenital nor spinal degeneration

symptoms are pain radiating to thigh or lower legs and numbness or tingling in the lower extremities

97
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

forward slipping of one vertebra over another

-listhesis means slipping

98
Q

aponeurorrhaphy

A

suturing of an aponeurosis

99
Q

arthrocentesis

A

surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from a joint

100
Q

arthrodesis

A

surgical surgical fixation of a joint

aka joint fusion

101
Q

arthroplasty

A

surgical repair of a joint

102
Q

bursectomy

A

excision of a bursa

103
Q

carpectomy

A

excision of a carpal bone

104
Q

chondrectomy

A

excision of a cartilage

105
Q

chrondroplasty

A

surgical repair of a cartilage

106
Q

costectomy

A

excision of a rib

107
Q

cranioplasty

A

surgical repair of the skull

108
Q

craniotomy

A

incision into the cranium

as for surgery of the brain

109
Q

diskectomy

A

excision of an intervertebral

110
Q

laminectomy

A

excision of a lamina

111
Q

maxillectomy

A

excision of the maxilla

112
Q

meniscectomy

A

excision of a meniscus

performed for a torn cartilage

113
Q

myorrhaphy

A

suturing of a muscle

114
Q

ostECtomy

A

excision of bone

115
Q

ostEOtomy

A

incision into a bone

116
Q

patellectomy

A

excision of a patella

117
Q

phalangectomy

A

excision of a finger or toe bone

118
Q

rachiotomy

A

incision in the the vertebral column

119
Q

spondylosyndesis

A

fusing together of the vertebrae

120
Q

synovectomy

A

excision of the synovial membrane

121
Q

tarsectomy

A

excision of one or more tarsal bones

122
Q

tenomyoplasty

A

surgical repair of the tendon and muscle

123
Q

tenorrhaphy

A

suturing of a tendon

124
Q

vertebroplasty

A

surgical repair of a vertebra

125
Q

arthrography

A

radiographic imaging of a joint

MRI has mostly replaced conventional arthrography
knees, wrist, hip, shoulder unless someone cannot have an MRI eg. PT with pacemaker

many are performed in conjunction with the MRI

126
Q

arthroscopy

A

visual examination of a joint

127
Q

electromyogram

A

record of the intrinsic electrical activity in a skeletal muscle

128
Q

dyskinesia

A

difficult movement

129
Q

lumbocostal

A

pertaining to the loins (lumbar) and the ribs

130
Q

myalgia

A

pain in muscle

131
Q

osteoblast

A

developing bone cell

132
Q

osteonecrosis

A

abnormal condition of bone death

dt lack of blood supply

133
Q

chiropractic

A

system of treatment that consists of manipulation of the vertebral column

134
Q

crepitus

A

crackling sensation heard or felt when two bones rub against each other or grating caused by the rubbing together of dry surfaces of a joint

also used to describe the crackling sound heard with pneumonia

135
Q

orthotics

A

making and fitting of orthopedic appliances such as arch supports, used to support, align, prevent or correct deformities

136
Q

osteoclast

A

type of bone cell involved in absorption and removal of bone minerals.

works in balance with osteoblasts to maintain healthy bone tissue

137
Q

osteopath

A

Doctor of Osteopathy

DO

138
Q

orthopedist

A

physician who specializes in the study and treatment of diseases and abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system

139
Q

osteopathy

A

system of medicine that uses the usual form of diagnosis and treatment but places greater emphasis on the relation between body organs and the musculoskeletal system; manipulation may be used in addition to other treatments

140
Q

prosthesis

A

pl. protheses

artificial substitute for a missing body part such as a leg, eye, hip replacement

141
Q

CTS

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

142
Q

DC

A

doctor of chiropractic

143
Q

EMG

A

electromyogram

144
Q

fx

A

fracture

145
Q

HNP

A

herniated nucleus pulposus

146
Q

MD

A

muscular dystrophy

147
Q

MG

A

myasthenia gravis

148
Q

THA

A

total hip arthroplasty

149
Q

TKA

A

total knee arthroplasty

Medical Terminology (7 decks)

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