Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biol 242 > Ch 14 Brain And Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Ch 14 Brain And Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Who is responsible for integration and processing sensory and motor info as well as seat of higher mental functions. I

A

Brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

I’m executive suit damage to me will effect sensory, motor and association areas.

A

Cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

I’m little brain and damage to me impact as loss of muscle tone, clumsy, and uncertain movement

A

Cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

I’m gateway to cerebral cortex and I also help sort things out.

A

Thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

I’m all about emotions, hormonal production which also include autonomic functions

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

I maintain consciousness, process visual and auditory data and also help with reflexes for somatic motor response

A

Mid brain has Nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

I’m bridge to cerebellum and I work as relay center for cerebellum, I also help with subconscious somatic and visceral motor

A

Pons and it’s tracts and nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

I’m relay center for for info to thalamus and other brain stem structures, autonomic functions include digestion respiration cardiovascular system are in my control

A

Medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What protects brain

A

Cranial bones
Cranial meninges
Cerebrospinal fluid
Blood-brain Barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cranial dura mater looks like?

A

Two layers then space
Periosteal layer
Meningeal layer
Subdural space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

I’m thin superficial layer of gray matter on the surface of cerebral hemispheres defines me more

A

It is cerebral cortex that is the collection of neurons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cerebral cortex has series of rounded elevation

A

Gyri; it increase its surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How gyri are separated and major brain regions

A

Gyri are separated by shallow grooves sulci and fissure are very deep grooves that separate major regions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Diencephalon

A

Include thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What separates the two lateral ventricles

A

Septum pellucidum ( thin plate of brain tissue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define cerebral equaduct

A

The midbrain has slander canal, this is passageway that connects the third ventricle with fourth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

These are large collecting veins located within dural folds

A

Dorsal venous sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

More about venous sinuses

A

Brain veins open into these sinuses and these provide venous blood to the veins of neck.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Three major fold of dura

A

Falx cerebri
(located between cerebral hemispheres in longitudinal cerebral fissure)
Tentorium cerebelli
(protects cerebellum and separate the cerebral from cerebellum)
Falx cerebelli
(Divides the two cerebellar hemispheres)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Sub arachnoid space

A

Contains cell and fibers of arachnoid trabeculae, lies between arachnoid and pi’s matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pi’s matter

A

Lies close to brain and anchored by Astrocytes processes. It also goes with the branches of cerebral vessels as they penetrate brain surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

Supporting the brain (buoyancy)
Transport nutrients, chemical messenger and wastes
Cushions the delicate neural structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Write the sequence of ventricles

A

Two later ventricles which are separated by septum pellucidum and connects to third ventricle via interventricular foremen then third leads to forth via cerebral aqueduct.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Functions of cranial meninges

A

Cover and protect brain
Protect blood vessels & enclose venous sinuses
It contains cerebrospinal fluid
Form skull partitions like dural folds to limit excessive movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Who produce CFS

A

It produced by the choroid plexusese

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Define choroid plexuses

A

Ependymal cell layer with tight junctions covering the capillaries network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Location of choroid plexuses

A

Two extensive folds of this originate in the roof of third ventricle and extend to the lateral ventral floor.
In the inferior brain stem, it has some region in the roof of forth ventricle projects between cerebellum and pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Pattern of CSF flow

A

It absorbed into the superior Sagittal sinuses via arachnoid granulation and then drain into the internal jugular veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the key to blood brain barrier

A

Tight junctions between the endothelia cells; it exclude all molecules except the lipid soluble from brain tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Name the fifth lobe

A

Insula it also has Gyri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Gray Matter

A

Neuron cell bodies
Short nonmyelinated neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

White matter

A

Neurons with myelinated axons and somewhat nonmyelinated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

How CSF formed

A

It is a filtrate containing glucose, O2, vitamins and ions like Cl-, Mg2+, Na+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Frontal lob briefly explain

A

It is separated from parietal lobe by central sulcus. The area anterior to it is precentral gyruw which is actually primary motor cortex. Anterior to it is the somatic association area also called as per-motor cortex. Then we have prefrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Primary motor cortex

A

Located on precentral gyrus and account for direct voluntary movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Somatic motor association area (pre motor cortex)

A

It works to planning and skilled programmed motor function, store pattern.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Prefrontal cortex

A

It is involved in the most conscious intellectual functions
It integrates and process info from sensory association areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Frontal eye field

A

Voluntary eye movement and it is part of premotor cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Broca’s area

A

Motor speech and also an integrative area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

Language comprehension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Define white matter

A

It is involved in the transmission of info within and across hemispheres and between different regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

White matter fibers

A

We have associated fibers for within communication
They are:
arcuate; interconnect the Gyri within lobe longitudinal fasciculi; across lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Commissures

A

Corpus collosum; connect two hemispheres
Anterior commissures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Define projection fibers

A

They connect cerebral cortex to diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum and spinal cord.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Basal nuclei

A

They are not well defined in the role but they filter incorrect and inappropriate movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Basal nuclei

A

We have two nuclei each side of lateral ventricles called as caudate, below it we have two nuclei each side one big called as lentiform nucleus putamen and small one is called globes pallidus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Caudate nucleus,
Lentiform Nucleus putamen
& globus pallidus

A

Function: subconscious adjustment and modification of voluntary motor commands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Gray matter of cerebellum

A

We have superficial layer called cerebellar Cortex and middle hole is cerebellar nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Function of cerebellum gray matter

A

Involuntary coordination and control of ongoing body movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Transverse pontine fibers

A

Interconnect pontine nuclei with opposite hemispher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

White matter of cerebellum

A

Arbor vitae
Cerebellar peduncles (superior, middle , & inferior)
Transverse pontine fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Arbor vitae

A

It connect cerebellar cortex to the nuclei with cerebellar peduncles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Cerebellar peduncles functions

A

Superior: link cerebellum with mid brain, cerebrum and diencephalon.
Meddle: link with pons
Inferior: link with medulla and spinal cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Hypothalamus functions:

A

Control autonomic NS and Endocrine system
Regulate body temp., water-balance, food intake and sleep-wake cycle
Initiate physical response to emotions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Hypothalamus =>
Pre-optic area
Mammillary bodies
Supra-optic nucleus
Suprachiasmatic nucleus

A

Regulate body temperature
Control feeding reflexes (licking, swallowing)
Secrete anti diuretic hormone which restricts water from kidney
Regulate circadian rhythms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Paraventricular nucleus

A

Secrete oxytocin
Stimulates contractions of smooth muscles in uterus and mammary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Lateral Tuberal nuclei

A

Produce inhibitory and releasing hormone that control the endocrine cells of the anterior lobe of pituitary gland

58
Q

White matter of mid brain

A

It’s called cerebral peduncles and it is responsible for the connection of primary motor cortex with the motor neurons of midbrain and spinal cord, also carry ascending sensory info to the thalamus

59
Q

Gray matter of mid brain

A

Roof: tectum; superior and inferior colliculi
Walls and floor; red nucleus, substantia nigra, & reticular formation

60
Q

Superior colliculi
Inferior colliculi

A

Initiate reflex response to visual stimuli, integrate visual info with other sensory input.
Initiate reflex response to auditory stimuli, relay auditory info to the medial geniculate

61
Q

Substantia Nigra
Red nucleus
Reticular formation

A

Regulate the activity of basal nuclei
Subconscious control of upper limbs and background muscle tone
Automatic control of incoming sensation and outgoing motor command, it can also initiate involuntary motor response to stimuli and helps maintain consciousness

62
Q

White matter of pons

A

Descending tracts
Ascending tracts
Transverse pontine fibers

63
Q

Descending tracts of pons

A

Carry motor commands from higher centers to nuclei of cranial or spinal nerves

64
Q

Ascending tracts of pons

A

Carry sensory info from brainstem to thalamus

65
Q

Transverse pontine fibers

A

Interconnect cerebellar hemispheres

66
Q

Gray material of pons

A

Apneustic and pneumotaxic centers
Reticular formation
Nuclei of cranial nerves (5, 6, 7, 8)

67
Q

Apneustic and pneumotaxic center

A

Adjust respiratory rhythm centers in the medulla

68
Q

Nuclei of cranial nerves(6-8)

A

Relay sensory information and issue somatic commands

69
Q

White matter of medulla

A

Ascending and descending tracts of funiculi; link the brain with the spinal cord

70
Q

Gray matter of medulla

A

Inferior olivary complex
Reticular formation
Cranial nerves (8-12)
Reflexes centers;
• cardiovascular centers
• respiratory rhythmicity center
Nucleus; cuneate & gracile

71
Q

Inferior olivary complex

A

Relay info from red nucleus and other midbrain centers, cerebral cortex to cerebellum

72
Q

Nucleus: cuneate & gracile

A

Relay somatic sensory info to thalamus

73
Q

Reflex centers of cardiovascular and respiratory rhythmicity center

A

Regulate heart beat and control contraction, set the basic pace of respiratory movements

74
Q

Reticular formation

A

Extended to midbrain and pons
It regulates the vital function and contains nuclei

75
Q

Cranial nerves (8-12)

A

Sensory and motor nuclei of these nerves, relay ascending info from spinal to higher centers

76
Q

RAS reticular Activation system

A

Reticular formation is involved throughout the brainstem but RAS is only located in the midbrain

77
Q

Functions of RAS

A

Keep cerebral cortex conscious and alert
Filter sensory info
Inhibited by sleep

78
Q

Limbic sustem

A

• Diencephalon parts=> thalamus & hypothalamus (hypothalamic nucleus & mammillary body)
• reticular formation
• cerebral parts=> limbic lobe cortical areas;
= cingulate gyrus
= parahippocampal gyrus
= dentate gytus
= hippocampus
= amygdaloid body
= tract => fornix

79
Q

Tracts=> fornix

A

Tract of cerebral white matter that connects the hippocampus with hypothalamus

80
Q

Nuclei=> Amygdaloid body

A

• interface between limbic system, cerebrum and other sensory system
• during fear and anxiety it regulates HR
• control fight or flight response
• link emotions with specific memories

81
Q

Nucleus=> hippocampus

A

• nucleus inferior to the floor of lateral ventricle
• important in learning, especially in storage and retrieval of LTM

82
Q

Which of the following lies between the cerebrum and the brain stem?

A

diencephalon

83
Q

Autonomic centers that control blood pressure, heart rate, and digestion are located in the

A

medulla oblongata

84
Q

Which of the following is true about the cerebral cortex?

A

It is a superficial layer of gray matter.

85
Q

When you perform a physical activity that you have not done in a while, such as riding a bike, which area of your brain coordinates your movements with learned experiences?

A

cerebellum

86
Q

The rounded elevations of the cerebrum that increase its surface area are called

A

gyri

87
Q

The wall between the lateral ventricles is called the

A

septum pellucidum

88
Q

The passageway between the lateral ventricles and the third ventricle is the

A

interventricular foramen

89
Q

Which brain region contains centers for processing sensory information, emotions, and hormone production?

A

diencephalon => Hypothalamus

90
Q

function of arachnoid granules

A

absorption of cerebrospinal fluid into the venous circulation

91
Q

List the matters surrounding the brain from the deepest layer to the most superficial layer.

A

pia, arachnoid, dura

92
Q

The dural fold that projects into the longitudinal fissure between cerebral hemispheres is called the

A

falx cerebri.

93
Q

Which of the following is not a function of cerebrospinal fluid

A

produces ATP for impulse transmission

94
Q

To return CSF to circulation, arachnoid granulations extend into the

A

superior sagittal sinus

95
Q

In each ventricle is a blood vessel network called the ________ that produces cerebrospinal fluid.

A

choroid plexus

96
Q

Tony hit his head in a car accident. The physicians diagnosed him with a subdural hemorrhage. Which of the following correctly states where the bleeding has occurred in his brain?

A

Blood is between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater.

97
Q

Which dural fold separates the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum?

A

tentorium cerebelli

98
Q

The thalamus is often called the “air traffic controller” of the brain because it

A

determines the routing of incoming sensory information to the correct cerebral cortex area.

99
Q

Which of the following is true regarding the pineal gland?

A

It is part of the epithalamus and secretes melatonin.

100
Q

When a memory brings about a strong emotional response, this is made possible by the __________ of the limbic system.

A

amygdala

101
Q

The primary somatosensory cortex is found on the __________.

A

postcentral gyrus

102
Q

Cortical regions that interpret sensory information or coordinate motor responses are called ________ areas.

A

association

103
Q

In most cases, the general interpretive center and the speech center are located in

A

he left cerebral hemisphere.

104
Q

The basal nuclei

A

provide the general pattern and rhythm for movements such as walking.

105
Q

________ centers receive information from many association areas and direct extremely complex motor activities such as speech.

A

integrative

106
Q

A person with a damaged visual association area may be

A

able to see letters but unable to associate them into words.

107
Q

The highest levels of information processing occur in the

A

cerebrum

108
Q

Which cerebral area is involved with judgment and predictive abilities?

A

prefrontal cortex

109
Q

After suffering a blow to the back of the head, Phil loses his vision. The blow probably caused damage to the

A

occipital lobe

110
Q

After suffering a stroke, Mary finds that she cannot move her right arm. This would suggest that the stroke damage is in the area of the ________ lobe

A

left frontal lobe

111
Q

The auditory cortex is located in the

A

temporal lobe

112
Q

Following a head injury, Kevin can think of the word he wants to say but cannot make his mouth form the correct sounds to produce the word. He is most likely suffering from damage to

A

Broca’s area.

113
Q

The complex integration of sensory information with visual and auditory memories occurs in this area near the auditory cortex?

A

Wernicke’s area

114
Q

Damage to the medulla oblongata can result in death because

A

the vital centers for the control of blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing are located there

115
Q

Which of these statements about the medulla oblongata is true?

A

It connects the brain and spinal cord.
The medulla oblongata relays all communication between the brain and spinal cord.
It coordinates complex autonomic functions.

116
Q

The cerebellum __________.

A

adjusts posture
coordinates learned movements
has peduncles connecting to the cerebrum

117
Q

Which of the following is a property of the limbic system?

A

located between the border of the cerebrum and diencephalon
functions in emotions, learning, and memory
links conscious functions of the cerebral cortex with unconscious functions of the brain stem
primarily a functional grouping

118
Q

The ________ is important in storage and recall of new long-term memories.

A

hippocampus

119
Q

Commissural fibers

A

interconnect and allow communication between cerebral hemispheres

120
Q

Which of the following nerves is purely sensory?

A

optic 2

121
Q

Which cranial nerve sends balance sensations to the brain?

A

vestibulocochlear

122
Q

Which cranial nerve is tested by having the patient stick out their tongue?

A

hypoglossal

123
Q

The cranial nerves that innervate the extrinsic eye muscles are

A

III, IV, and VI.

124
Q

You suspect your friend has damage to cranial nerve I when he is unable to

A

smell his food.

125
Q

The patient has the following symptoms: change in vocal tone, problems swallowing, inability to control urination, erratic heart rate, and gastric problems. You would identify the problem as being related to the

A

vagus nerve

126
Q

Describe the receptive field. (Figure 15-2)

A
127
Q

|. Olfactory nerve

A

Olfaction (smell)

128
Q

||. Optic Nerve

A

Vision

129
Q
  1. Oculomotor
  2. Trochlear
  3. Abducens
A

Eye muscles

130
Q
  1. Trigeminal
  2. Facial nerve
A

Face

131
Q
  1. Vestibulocochlear
A

Balance, equilibrium, & hearing

132
Q
  1. Glossopharyngeal
  2. Vagus
  3. Accessory
  4. Hypoglossal
A

Throat, tongue, and one that leaves head and neck

133
Q

Olfactory nerve 1 is like?

A

I’m like forest of tiny olfactory bundles, it is lumped as a cranial nerve.
Location: pass through the cribiform plate of ethmoid bone

134
Q
  1. Optic nerve work and location
A

It arises from the retina of eye and passes through optic canal

135
Q
  1. Oculomotor, what type of eye muscles it vover
A

It attaches to 4 of 6 extrinsic muscles names are
•inferior olblique
• superior & inferior rectus
•
It also do intrinsic eye muscles

136
Q
  1. Trochlear
  2. Abducens
A

Superior oblique
Lateral rectus

137
Q
  1. Trigeminal
    How many branches and cover what area of face
A

Three branches
• ophthalmic ( sensory info from eye, forhead area)
• maxillary ( cheek, nose & maxilla)
• mendibular ( jaws)

138
Q
  1. Facial nerve
    What info associated and how many branches and what area?
A

Mixed info => taste (2/3 tongue)
=> facial experience
Five branches
• temporal
• zygomatic
• buccal
• marginal mandibular
• cervical

139
Q
  1. Vestibulocochlear
A

Has two branches and cover ear

140
Q
  1. Glossopharyngeal
    Glosso: tongue
    Pharangeal: pharynx
A

Function:
Taste (1/3 tongue)
General senses
Swallowing (pharyngeal muscles)
Saliva secretion
BP and dissolved gases

141
Q
  1. Vagus
    Special name branches and functions:
A

Wanderer”
•leaves head and neck and branch extensively
• breathing, digestion, heart rate

142
Q
  1. Accessory
  2. Hypoglossal
A

• motor info to muscle of neck and upper back => Sternocleidomastoid & trapezius
• tongue movement

Biol 242 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions