Ch 13 Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerve & Spinal Reflexes

Question 1

____ is a Complex interwoven network ____

Answer 1

Nerve plexus, nerve fibers

Question 2

Define the nerve plexuses

Answer 2

It a blended fibers of anterior rami of adjacent fibers

Question 3

Never plexus allow ____
What’s the benefit of this allowance

Answer 3

Multiple spinal nerve to supply single structure.
Damage to one point doesn’t impact the whole transmission

Question 4

How do we protect the spinal cord?

Answer 4

Meninges
CSF cerebrospinal fluid
Vertebrae
Adipose

Question 5

Bill contracts a viral disease that destroys cells in the posterior gray horns in his spinal cord. As a result, which of the following would you expect?

Answer 5

loss of sensation in his torso

Question 6

The white matter of the spinal cord is mainly

Answer 6

myelinated axons

Question 7

The large anterior gray horns of the spinal cord contain mainly

Answer 7

somatic motor neuclei

Question 8

Axons crossing from one side of the spinal cord to the other within the gray matter are found in the

Answer 8

Gray Commissures

Question 9

The gray horns of the spinal cord contain mainly

Answer 9

Neuron cell bodies

Question 10

Tom is a football player who gets hit hard from behind along his spine. About a week later, he is diagnosed with bacterial meningitis, an infection of the CSF carried through the bloodstream. Given that the infection was associated with blood, which hypothesis is most likely to have occurred?

Answer 10

The pia matter tore away from the spinal cord, damaging the associated blood vessels, which leaked into the subarachnoid space

Question 11

Samples of CSF for diagnostic purposes are normally obtained by placing the tip of a needle in the

Answer 11

Subarachnoid space

Question 12

The __________ gray horns contain somatic and visceral sensory nuclei.

Answer 12

posterior

Question 13

Arrange the spinal meninges from innermost layer to outermost layer.

Answer 13

Pia, Arachnoid, & Dura

Question 14

Enlarged area of the spinal cord from which nerves to the shoulder and upper limbs arise.

Answer 14

cervical enlargement

Question 15

The conus medullaris region of the spinal cord is anchored to the coccygeal ligament via a strand of fibrous tissue called the

Answer 15

filum terminale

Question 16

Spinal nerves are

Answer 16

both sensory and motor.

Question 17

The posterior root of a spinal nerve contains

Answer 17

axons of sensory neurons

Question 18

The anterior root of a spinal nerve contains

Answer 18

axons of motor neurons

Question 19

If the posterior root of a spinal nerve is severed

Answer 19

sensory input would be blocked.

Question 20

The subdural space lies between

Answer 20

the dura mater and the arachnoid mater.

Question 21

A posterior and anterior roots of each spinal segment unite to form a

Answer 21

spinal nerve

Question 22

Cerebrospinal fluid flows within the

Answer 22

subarachnoid space

Question 23

The ________ nervous system provides involuntary regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activity

Answer 23

Autonomic

Question 24

The afferent division of the PNS __________.

Answer 24

carries the sensory information

Question 25

Which division of the PNS would contain sensory nerve fibers from special sensory receptors?

Answer 25

Afferent

Question 26

Bundles of axons in the central nervous system are known as

Answer 26

Tracts

Question 27

The adult spinal cord typically ends between vertebrae

Answer 27

L1-L2

Question 28

These structures extending from the pia mater through to the dura mater support the spinal cord by preventing lateral movement.

Answer 28

denticulate ligaments

Question 29

The __________ is part of the central nervous system (CNS) and the __________ is part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Answer 29

spinal cord; spinal nerve

Question 30

The spinal ganglia consist of __________.

Answer 30

cell bodies of sensory neurons

Question 31

Blood vessels that supply the spinal cord run along the surface of the

Answer 31

pia mater

Question 32

The specialized membranes that surround the spinal cord are termed the

Answer 32

spinal meninges

Question 33

Which nerve plexus innervates the muscles of the neck and diaphragm?

Answer 33

cervical

Question 34

The region of the body surface monitored by a pair of spinal nerves is known as a __________.

Answer 34

dermatome

Question 35

If a person has a crush injury to the C3-C5 spinal segments, you would expect that he

Answer 35

might be unable to breathe on his own.

Question 36

The layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual axons within a peripheral nerve is termed the

Answer 36

endoneurium.

Question 37

A viral disease that destroys the cells of the anterior gray horn will

Answer 37

lead to skeletal muscle weakness or paralysis

Question 38

The ________ innervates the ventrolateral body surface, structures in the body wall, and the limbs.

Answer 38

anterior rami

Question 39

Spinal nerves from the sacral region of the cord innervate the ________ muscles.

Answer 39

leg

Question 40

The layer of connective tissue that surrounds a fascicle within a peripheral nerve is the

Answer 40

perineurium

Question 41

Nerve plexuses are formed by interconnecting branches of the

Answer 41

anterior rami.

Question 42

A reflex arc always includes a(n) __________.

Answer 42

motor neuron
sensory receptor
sensory neuron

Question 43

In a spinal reflex, information flows from __________ to __________ to __________.

Answer 43

receptor; spinal cord; peripheral effector

Question 44

All of the following are true of neural reflexes except that they

Answer 44

cannot be modified by brain

Question 45

All of the following are true of neural reflexes

Answer 45

are the simplest form of behavior.
are automatic motor responses.
involve at least two neurons.
help preserve homeostasis.

Question 46

What are the four ways reflexes can be classified

Answer 46

development, response, complexity, processing site