Ch 14 & 15 Flashcards
How is the cerebrum divided up?
Two hemispheres which are divided into four lobes.
What are the four lobes in the cerebrum?
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe
What function is the frontal lobe responsible for?
Contains Primary motor complex
Voluntary motor activity
Where is Broca’s area located and what’s it’s function?
Located in the frontal lobe
Involved in formulation of words
What other functions is the frontal lobe in charge of?
Intellectual function
Awareness of self
Personality
Autonomic responses related to emotion.
What is the role of the parietal lobe?
Primary sensory cortex that receives sensory input such as position, touch, shape, and texture of objects.
What role does the temporal lobe have?
Primary auditory cortex
What is Wernickes area and what is it responsible for?
Located in the left temporal lobe
Responsible for comprehension of spoken and written language.
What other duties happen in the temporal lobe?
Interprets auditory, visual, and somatic sensory inputs that are stored into thoughts and memory.
What are functions of the cerebellum?
Coordinating movement
Equilibrium
Muscle tone
Proprioreception
Do each cerebellar hemisphere control movement for the same side of the body?
Yes
Where does the spinal cord connect?
Medulla oblongata.
What does the central nervous system consist of?
Brain and spinal cord
What areas are routinely assessed when assessing peripheral nerves?
Hands, lower arms, abdomen, lower legs, and feet. If sensation is intact no further evaluation needed.
What are some causes of abnormal peripheral nerve findings?
Nerve root compression
Inflammation
Peripheral neuropathy(decreased sensation)
What do we do to test our exteroceptive receptors?
Light touch and superficial pain
What do we test for when we check our proprioreception receptors?
Test the muscle joints, tendons and ligaments for motion and vibration.
What is cortical sensation?
Sensory perception of integration and discriminate receptors.
What is kinesthetic?
Sensation by moving fingers and toes up and down
What is stereognosis?
Identification of familiar object in hand
What is graphesthesia?
Identification of number and letter drawn on hand, back, or other area.
What is meningitis?
Inflammation of meninges surrounding brain and spinal cord.
What causes meningitis?
Invasion of bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or other toxins.
What is the most common form of meningitis?
Bacterial. If not treated it can lead to death.
Can you recover fully from viral meningitis?
Yes
What are symptoms of meningitis?
Severe headache Fever Stiff neck Positive for brudzinki's and kernig sign LOC decrease Confusion, agitation, and irritability
What is MS and what are the symptoms?
Progressive demyelination of nerve fibers of brain and spinal cord. Autoimmune disorder than virally attacks myelin at various sites of CNS. Fatigue depression parAsthesia
What is encephalitis?
Inflammation of brain tissue and meninges. Caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites
What is Parkinson’s disease?
Dopamine producing neurons degenerate. Symptoms include resting tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity.
What is CVA?
Stroke or cerebralvascular accident.
What is trigeminal neuralgia?
Pain in 1-3 branches of CN V brought on by trauma to face or head or infection of teeth or jaw.
What is Bells Palsy?
Acute unilateral paralysis of facial nerve.
What is Myasthenia Gravis?
Neuromuscular disease with abnormal weakness of voluntary muscles. Improves with rest. Muscle weakness occurs. Common in younger women and men
What is Guillain Barre syndrome?
Widespread demyelination of nerves in the PNS. Weakness and paresthesia in lower extremities then moves to upper extremities/face
Functions of tendons?
Muscle to bone
Function of ligaments?
Connects bone to bone?
What is active ROM?
Patient moves joint through ROM
What is passive ROM?
You move relaxed joint through ROM
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
Swelling in joints surrounding connective tissue.
What is osteoarthritis?
Degenerative joint disease.
What is gout?
A hereditary disease where there’s too much uric acid/ not broken down.
What kinds of questions are asked about pain?
Where’s the pain felt?
Did the pain occur suddenly or gradually?
Does the pain move from one joint to the next?
What makes the pain worse?
What relieves the pain?
What is a spine HNP?
Herniated disk or slipped disk
What is carpel tunnel syndrome?
When the median nerve compressed between carpel ligament and other structures within carpal tunnel.
What are symptoms of carpal tunnel?
Numbness
Pain
Paresthesia
Using Tinels/phalans sign to test
What is Phalens sign?
Test if the backs of the hands meet together
