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Donny Positioning semester 3 > Ch 13 small bowel > Flashcards

Ch 13 small bowel Flashcards

1
Q

Exam review:
AP oblique that best demonstrates hepatic flexure + ascending colon?
What is the PA oblique?
What is the CR?

A

AP: LPO
PA: RAO
at crest

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2
Q

Exam review:
What is the AP oblique that best shows splenic flexure + descending colon?
PA oblique?

A

AP: RPO
PA: LAO

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3
Q

Exam review:
Which decubitus position best shows the air the splenic flexure + descending colon?
Why?

A

Right lateral decub
bc splenic flexure is on the left side of the body and to see air levels we need it to be side up

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4
Q

Exam review:
What decubitus position best shows the air in the posterior rectum?
What decubitus position best shows the air in the anterior rectum?
Why?

A

Ventral decubitus
Dorsal decubitus
bc air/fluid levels move depending on gravity. In prone position, air goes posterior and barium goes anterior

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5
Q

Exam:
Where is the barium while the patient is PA?
Where is the air?
Why?

A

B: transverse & sigmoid colon
A: ascending & descending colon

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6
Q

Exam review:
Which decubitus position best shows the air the hepatic flexure + ascending colon?
Why?

A

left lateral decubitus
bc we want to see the air levels on the hepatic (right side) so we must have right side of the body up

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7
Q

Exam:
Where is the barium when the patient is AP?
where is the air?
Why?

A

B: ascending & descending colon
A: transverse & sigmoid colon
bc of gravity and the ascending & descending colon are retroperitoneal

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8
Q

Exam review:
Splenic flexure is located on ___ side
Ascending colon is location on ___ side
Hepatic flexure is located on ____ side
descending colon is location on ____ side

A

left
right
right
left

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9
Q

Exam:
Which aspect of the large intestine is the highest?

A

left colic flexure

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10
Q

Exam:
What part of the large intestine is the widest?
What about the small intestine?

A

L: cecum
S: duodenum

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11
Q

Exam:
where is the liver located?
where is the ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, rectum & anus located?
where is the duodenum, jejuneum, & ileum located?

A

RUQ*

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12
Q

Exam:
How long should the patient NPO for a barium enema?

A

8 hours *

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13
Q

Exam:
What are the contraindications for a barium enema?

A

perforated hollow viscus & large bowel obstruction
(water-soluble could be used for these precautions)

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14
Q

Exam:
When inserting the tip for a barium enema it must be on:

A

expiration
(relaxes the abdominal muscles)

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15
Q

Exam:
What position is best for a tipped insertion?

A

sims

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16
Q

Exam:
Where should you aim for when doing a barium enema insertion?

A

Step 5
aim tip toward umbilicus approximately 1-1/2 inches (3-4 cm)

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17
Q

Exam:
where is the CR for an initial small bowel study?
Where is the CR after 1-2 hours? *

A

Initial: 2 inches above crest
1-2hr: at crest (bc barium has made its way from the stomach to bowel)

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18
Q

Exam:
What does LPO best show?

A

Right hepatic flexure + ascending colon

19
Q

Exam:
Why do we prefer to take our images in PA vs AP during a small bowel study?

A

compresses the small bowel to best show the loops *

20
Q

Exam:
What does ventral decubitus best display?

A

Air in the posterior portion of the rectum

21
Q

Exam:
What does LAO best show?
What is the CR?

A

Splenic flexure + descending colon
2 inches superior to crest + 1 inch to the right of MSP

22
Q

Exam:
What does RPO best display?

A

Splenic flexure + descending colon

23
Q

Exam:
What does right lateral best display?

A

Air in the splenic flexure + descending colon
(The side up)

24
Q

Exam:
What does left lateral decubitus best display?

A

air in the hepatic flexure + ascending colon + cecum
(air in side up)

25
Q

Exam:
What does RAO best display?
what is the CR?
how much oblique?

A

Hepatic flexure + ascending colon
CR at crest
35-45 oblique

26
Q

Exam:
What does lateral rectum best show?
what positions achieve this?
what the is the CR?

A

demonstrates polyps, strictures, & fistulas between rectum & bladder/uterus
left lateral rectum or Ventral decubitus
CR is at ASIS

27
Q

Exam:
What is the CR for AP axial & LPO oblique?
(butterfly)
What study is this for?
Do you angle the patient or the tube?

A

AP: supine + 30-40 cephalic + CR 2 inches inferior to ASIS
LPO: 30-40 LPO + 30-40 cephalic + 2 inches inferior & 2 inches medial to right ASIS
Barium enema
angle tube 30-40 cephalic

28
Q

Exam:
What is the CR for PA axial & RAO? (butterfly)
What study is this for?

A

PA: prone + 30-40 caudad + CR at ASIS
RAO: 35-45 RAO + 30-40 caudad + CR at ASIS & 2 inches to left of lumbar spinous process

29
Q

Exam:
Know the different positions and what is being best shown

30
Q

Exam:
What is the difference between a PA and AP image?
right/left lateral?
(image will not be flipped)

A

PA: Barium in the transverse & sigmoid with air in the A & D colon
AP: Barium in the Ascending + descending with air in the Sigmoid + transverse
R lateral: Air in the splenic + descending barium in hepatic + ascending
L lateral: Air in the hepatic + ascending barium in the splenic + descending

31
Q

Exam:
What is the butterfly projection?
What does it show?
What is the CR?

A

PA axial or PA axial oblique (RAO)
shows the sigmoid colon open
CR at ASIS + 30-40 caudad+ RAO (35-45 oblique)

32
Q

Exam:
What is Mayo’s protocol?
why is this the reason?

A

left lateral decubitus
bc we want to see the space under the liver*

33
Q

Exam:
What is the CR for RPO/LAO?
why?

A

2 inches superior to crest + 35-45 PO/AO obliques (LAO 1 inch to the right of MSP)
bc the splenic flexure is superior to the hepatic

34
Q

Exam:
which flexure is always higher?

A

splenic flexure
(left)

35
Q

Exam:
What is the CR for LPO/RAO?

A

RAO: crest + 1 inch to the left of MSP
LPO: crest + 1 inch to elevated side from MSP
35-45 AO/PO oblique

36
Q

Exam:
what is the obliquity for PO/AO obliques?

A

35-45 degrees

37
Q

Exam review:
The enema bag should not be higher than _____

A

24 inches above table (2 feet)

38
Q

Exam review:
During small bowel studies how often should images be taken?

A

every 20-30 minutes

39
Q

Exam review:
The insertion tip should not exceed _____

A

3-4 inches (7.5cm-10cm)

40
Q

Exam:
Which part of the small intestine makes up the 3/5’s?
which part makes up the 2/5’s?

A

ileum
& jejunum

41
Q

Exam review:
how are each of these structures in the abdomen?
Cecum:
Ascending:
Transverse:
Descending:
Sigmoid:
Upper Rectum:
Lower rectum:

A

intraperitoneal
retroperitoneal
intraperitoneal
retroperitoneal
intraperitoneal
retroperitoneal
infraperitoneal
(retro=behind) (intra=within) (infra= below)

42
Q

Exam review:
What are the small intestines functions?
What are the large intestines functions?

A

digestion (chemical & mechanical)
Absorption & reabsorption (duodenum/jejunum)
some reabsorption + elimination (defecation)

43
Q

Exam review:
Contraindications to laxatives?

A

gross bleeding
severe diarrhea
obstruction
appendicitis

Donny Positioning semester 3 (5 decks)

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