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Donny Positioning semester 3 > Ch 12 upper GI Review > Flashcards

Ch 12 upper GI Review Flashcards

1
Q

Exam:
How does the stomach lie in a hypersthenic patient?
What level is the stomach, pyloric portion, & duodenal bulb?

A

high & transverse
Stomach: T9-T12
Pyloric portion: T11-T12
Duodenal bulb: T11-T12

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2
Q

Exam:
How does the stomach lie in a hyposthenic/asthenic patient?
What level is the stomach, pyloric portion, & duodenal bulb?

A

low & vertical (J shaped)
Pyloric portion: L3-L4
Duodenal bulb: L3-L4

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3
Q

Exam:
What is bile?

A

made by the liver
breaks down fats

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4
Q

Exam:
How does the stomach lie in a sthenic patient?
What level is the stomach, pyloric portion, & duodenal bulb?

A

Normal stomach
Stomach: T10-L2
Pyloric portion: L2
Duodenal bulb: L1-L2

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5
Q

Exam:
What does Cysto mean? (on the slide)

A

bag or sac

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6
Q

Exam:
What is the CR for Upper GI RAO?
For sthenic?
Hyperstenic?
Asthenic?

A

40-70 degree RAO prone rotation
Sthenic: 45-55 oblique CR at L1 (duodenal bulb)
Hypersthenic: 70 degree oblique (2 inches superior to L1)
Asthenic: 40 degree oblique (2 inches inferior to L1)
(suspend respiration, expose on expiration)

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7
Q

Exam:
What is the CR for Upper GI LPO?
Sthenic:
Hypersthenic:
Asthenic:
Expose on?

A

30-60 degree LPO supine rotation
Sthenic: 45 degree oblique at L1
Hypersthenic: 60 degree oblique 2 inches superior to L1
Asthenic: 30 degree oblique 2 inches inferior to L1
(suspend respiration, expose on expiration)

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8
Q

Exam:
What is the CR for upper GI AP?
Sthenic:
Hypersthenic:
Asthenic:

A

Sthenic: at L1 45 LPO
Hypersthenic: 2 inches superior to L1 60 LPO
Asthenic: 2 inches inferior to L1 30 LPO
(suspend respiration, expose on expiration)

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9
Q

Exam:
What is the CR for an AP/PA esophagogram?
expose on?

A

T5-T6
1 inches inferior to sternal angle or
3 inches inferior to jugular notch
(suspend respiration, expose on expiration)

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10
Q

Exam:
What is the CR for LAO/RAO esophagogram?

A

35-40 degree AO prone oblique
CR: (LAO T5-T6) (RAO T6)
(2-3 inches inferior to jugular notch)

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11
Q

Exam:
What does LAO esophagogram show?
What does RAO show?

A

LAO: esophagus is seen between hilar region & thoracic spine
RAO: Esophagus is seen between thoracic spine & heart
(entire esophagus is filled (or lined) with contrast)

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12
Q

Exam:
What does angio mean?

A

duct

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13
Q

Exam:
What is the stomach orientation?

A

Fundus (most posterior)
Body (anterior/inferior to fundus)
Pylorus (posterior/distal to body)

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14
Q

Exam:
What does Choles mean?

A

relationship with bile

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15
Q

Exam:
What is the CR for right lateral upper GI?
For sthenic?
Hyperstenic?
Asthenic?
what anatomy is shown?

A

Sthenic: L1(duodenal bulb) 1-1/2 inches anterior to midcoronal
Hypersthenic: 2 inches superior to L1
Asthenic: 2 inches inferior to L1
retrogastric space

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16
Q

Exam:
What is the CR for an esophagram?

A

T5-T6

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17
Q

Exam:
What is the order for all the ducts?
(know what it looks like on a picture)

A

Left & right hepatic (from liver)
Common Hepatic duct
cystic duct (duct into gallbladder)
Common bile duct
Pancreatic duct (duct of wirsung)
Duodenum (sphincter of Oddi)

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18
Q

Exam:
How much do you oblique for an esophagogram?

A

35-40 degree anterior oblique (LAO/RAO)

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19
Q

Exam:
What do you see in a lateral esophagogram?
What is the CR?

A

esophagus is seen between the thoracic spine and heart
T6 (2-3 inches inferior to jugular notch)

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20
Q

Exam:
What do you see in a RAO esophagogram?
What is the CR?

A

esophagus is seen between the spine and the heart
35-40 anterior oblique + T6 (2-3 inches inferior to jugular notch)

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21
Q

Exam:
What do you see in LAO esophagogram?
What is the CR?

A

Esophagus is seen between the hilar region & the thoracic region
35-40 degree anterior oblique + T5-T6 (2-3 inches inferior to jugular notch)

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22
Q

Exam:
What do you see in a AP/PA esophagogram?
What is the CR?

A

Esophagus superimposed over the spine
T5-T6 (1 inch inferior to sternal angle)

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23
Q

Exam:
What is the sphincter of Oddi?
Also known as?

A

muscle fibers of the duct walls leading into the duodenum
hepatopancreatic sphincter

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24
Q

Exam:
How do you oblique for an Upper GI study?

A

40-70 degree anterior oblique for RAO
30-60 degree posterior oblique for LPO

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25
Q

What is seen in LPO upper GI?
What is the CR?
For different body habitus?

A

entire stomach + duodenum (unobstructed view of the duodenal bulb)
Sthenic: L1 + 45 degree oblique
Hypersthenic: 2 inches superior to L1 + 60 posterior oblique
Asthenic: 2 inches below L1 + 30-degree posterior oblique

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26
Q

Exam:
What is seen in an RAO upper GI?
What is the CR?
For different body habitus?

A

Entire stomach + c-loop of duodenum
40-70 anterior oblique (RAO)
Sthenic: L1 45-55 RAO
Hypersthenic: 2 inches superior to L1 70 degrees RAO
Asthenic: 2 inches inferior to L1 40-degree RAO

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27
Q

Exam:
What is the ligament of Treitz?
Where is located?
Why is this important?

A

fibrous muscular band
superior to the duodenojejunal flexure
suspensory muscle of the duodenum

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28
Q

Exam:
What is the kvp range for a double contrast exam?

A

90-100 kVp

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29
Q

Exam:
What are the ionated contrasts?
What else can you use this for?
How does it taste & what is this an example of?

A

gastrogavin
omnipaque
visipeg
pre-surgical exams
bitter + water-soluble contrast

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30
Q

Exam:
What is anterior & posterior when it comes to the trachea/esophagus?

A

trachea is anterior to the esophagus

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31
Q

Exam:
Where is the esophagus located?
Where does it begin & where does it end?

A

esophagus is located posterior to trachea & larynx
From C5-C6 to T11

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32
Q

Exam:
When you inhale diaphragm moves:

A

moves downwards

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33
Q

Exam:
When you exhale diaphragm moves:

A

moves upwards

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34
Q

Exam:
Where is the gallbladder located?
What is its main purpose?
what are the 3 parts of the gallbladder?
how much bile can it hold?

A

inferior to the liver
1. store bile, 2. concentrate bile (Hydrolysis: removal of water) (choleliths: gallstones), 3. contract
1. Fundus, Body, Neck
30-40 mL of bile

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35
Q

Exam:
How do we prep for an upper GI exam?

A

NPO 8 HRS
no gum chewing **
Determine if patient is pregnant (interrogate the patient, collect a history)

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36
Q

Exam:
What is the kvp range for a single contrast exam?

A

110-125 kVp
(to increase visibility of barium-filled structures)

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37
Q

Exam review:
What is the kVp range for water-soluble contrast studies?

A

80-90 kVp

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38
Q

Exam:
What is the kVp range for double contrast exams?

A

90-100 kVp
(higher contrast images without over penetrating the anatomy)

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39
Q

Exam:
In RAO how is the esophagus anatomy positioned?
What are we looking for?

A

esophagus is between the spine & heart

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40
Q

Exam:
In LAO how is the esophagus anatomy positioned?
What are we looking for?

A

esophagus is un between the spine & hilar region

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41
Q

Exam:
What do these mean?
Chole:
Cysto:
Angio:
Choledocho:
Cholangio:
Cholecyst:

A

Relationship with bile
Bag/sac
duct
Common bile duct
bile ducts
gallbladder

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42
Q

Exam:
What do these terms mean?
Cholecystography:
Cholangiography:
Cholecystangiography:

A

Radiography of gallbladder
radiographic study of biliary ducts
radiography of both gallbladder & biliary ducts

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43
Q

Exam:
In LPO how is the barium in the stomach?

A

Barium in the fundus
Air in the pylorus

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44
Q

Exam:
In RAO how is the barium in the stomach?

A

Barium in the pylorus
Air in the fundus

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45
Q

Exam:
Which oblique places air in the fundus?

A

RAO

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46
Q

Exam:
What oblique puts the esophagus between the heart & thoracic spine?

A

RAO

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47
Q

Exam:
What oblique places barium in the pylorus of the stomach?

A

RAO (has to be prone)

48
Q

Exam:
What oblique places the esophagus in between the hilar region & thoracic spine?

49
Q

Exam:
What view superimposes the esophagus over the spine?

A

AP or (PA)

50
Q

Exam:
Which oblique places barium in the fundus of the stomach?

A

LPO (has to be supine)

51
Q

Exam:
Which oblique places air in the in the pylorus of the stomach?

A

LPO (has to be supine)

52
Q

Exam:
What is chymes?

A

semifluid mass as a result of mixing (churning) of stomach contents & stomach fluids

53
Q

Exam:
Where is the duct or wirsung?
Also known as?

A

Duct leading into the pancreas
Pancreatic duct

54
Q

Exam:
Which view of the stomach best displays the retrogastric space?

A

R lateral (upper GI) view
(lateral)

55
Q

Exam:
What is swallowing called?

A

deglutition

56
Q

Exam:
What is chewing called?

A

Mastication

57
Q

Exam:
Where does barium go if the patient is lying prone?
Where is the air?

A

barium in pylorus & air in the fundus

58
Q

Exam:
How does the esophagus lie in relation to the larynx?
(AP or Inferior/superior)

A

posterior & inferior to the larynx

59
Q

Exam:
What is peristalsis?

A

involuntary muscle contractions
(wavelike movements that propel solid/semisolid structures)

60
Q

Exam:
What is hostra?

61
Q

Exam:
Where is the barium going if the patient is lying supine?
Why?

62
Q

Exam:
What is the epiglottis?
What does it do?

A

membrane-covered cartilage that moves down to cover the opening of the larynx during swallowing

63
Q

Exam:
What are the contraindications for water-soluble contrast?

A

if patient is sensitive to iodine (allergic)
experiencing severe dehydration

64
Q

Exam:
How does the fundus lie in the stomach?

A

fundus is posterior

65
Q

Exam:
Barium is a:

A

colloidal suspension
(not a solution)

66
Q

Exam:
Where is the cardiac notch located?
also called:

A

medial to the fundus
(superior to the esophagogastric junction)
incisura cardiaca

67
Q

Exam:
What is rugae?
where is the location?

A

internal lining of stomach thrown into numerus mucosal folds
(when the stomach is empty)
greater curvature

68
Q

Exam:
What helps food gets down the esophagus?

A

peristalsis
(gravity + involuntary movement)

69
Q

Exam:
What is the gastric canal?
Where is it located?
What is its function?

A

canal formed by rugae
along the lesser curvature
funnels fluids directly from the stomach’s body to the pylorus

70
Q

Exam:
Where is the cardiac antrum at?

A

distal portion of esophagus, that curves sharply into expanded portion of the esophagus
(right before the esophagogastric junction)

71
Q

Exam:
Where is the esophagogastric junction?

A

aperture or opening between the esophagus and stomach

72
Q

Exam review:
The fundus is ___ filled

A

air filled

73
Q

Exam:
Where is the angular notch?
also known as:

A

ring like area that separate the body and pylorus region
incisura angularis

74
Q

Exam:
Where is the esophagogastric cardiac region?
Also known as?

75
Q

Exam:
What is GERD?

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

76
Q

Exam:
What is an accessory organ?
What is an example?

A

not a digestive organ but aids in digestion
salivary glands, pancreas, liver, & gallbladder

77
Q

Exam:
What is used to prevent scatter radiation in fluro?

A

Bucky slot shield
(lead drape shield, exposure patterns, lead aprons)

78
Q

Exam:
What is the 3 cardinal rules of radiation protection: (3)

A

Time
Shielding
Distance (most crucial)

79
Q

Exam:
What is the C loop of the duodenum?
What is inside of this area?
What is it referred to as?

A

The head of the pancreas
Called the romance of the abdomen (stomach)

80
Q

Exam:
What is the special name for having gallstones?

A

choleliths
(biliary calculi)

81
Q

Exam:
What is best shown in a RAO stomach?

A

barium in the pylorus
air in the fundus

82
Q

Exam:
What is a trichobezoar?
(cool/ scary thing)

A

Mass of ingested hair

83
Q

Exam review:
What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx (nose area)
Oropharynx (mouth)
Laryngopharynx (throat area)

84
Q

Exam 2:
In which body habitus is the stomach most horizontal (transverse)?

A

Hypersthenic

85
Q

Exam 2:
What is bile a product of?

A

Liver
(stored in the gallbladder)

86
Q

Exam 2:
What does Chole mean?

A

relation to bile

87
Q

Exam 2:
Where is the CR for RAO stomach on a sthenic patient?

88
Q

Exam 2:
Common hepatic duct & cystic duct come together to form what?

A

common bile duct

89
Q

Exam 2:
How much do you oblique for an AP oblique stomach?
How much do you oblique for PA stomach?

A

LPO 30-60
RAO 40-70

90
Q

Exam 2:
The distal end of the duodenum is fixed in position because of:

A

the ligament of trietz

91
Q

Exam 2:
Esophagus begins at?
Ends at the level:

A

C5/C6 to T11

92
Q

Exam 2:
Esophagus is _____ to the trachea

93
Q

Exam 2:
When prepping for an adult upper GI study, how long should the patient be NPO for?

94
Q

Exam 2:
What is the kVp range for single contrast study?
How much for double?

A

Single: 110-125
Double: 90-100

95
Q

Exam 2:
RAO position of the esophagus is preferred over LAO because it places the esophagus where?

A

places the esophagus between the heart & spine

96
Q

Exam 2:
How does LAO place the esophagus?

A

between the spine & hilar region

97
Q

Exam 2:
Once food enters the stomach and mixes with gastric secretions, it creates:

98
Q

Exam 2:
Wavelike involuntary muscular contractions that propel food forward is?

A

peristalsis

99
Q

Exam 2:
What is the esophagus’s location in relation to the larynx:

A

inferior & posterior

100
Q

Exam 2:
Where does barium go:
Prone:
Supine:
RAO:
LPO:

A

Pylorus
Fundus
Pylorus
Fundus

101
Q

Exam 2:
Where is the cardiac antrum?

A

distal portion of esophagus that curves sharply into terminal end of esophagus
(Inferior to the cardiac orifice (esophagogastric) junction)

102
Q

Exam 2:
When would we use water-soluble contrast?

A

Post-op or perforated viscus
(if there is any chance that the barium mixture might escape into the peritoneal cavity)

103
Q

Exam 2:
What kind of suspension or solution is barium?

A

colloidal suspension
(not a solution)
(never dissolves in water)

104
Q

Exam 2:
What helps contrast flow downwards?

105
Q

Exam 2:
What is the difference between rugae & gastric canal?

A

Gastric canal located on lesser curvature (formed by fundus) allows for fluids to flow directly from body to pylorus

106
Q

Exam 2:
What are the accessory organs?

A

Salivary glands
liver
gallbladder
pancreas

107
Q

Exam 2:
Where is the esophagogastric junction?
Where is the cardiac notch?
where is the cardiac antrum?

A

where the esophagus & stomach meet
(aka cardiac orifice)
superior to cardiac orifice (EG junction)
inferior to cardiac orifice (EG junction)

108
Q

Exam 2:
Define these terms:
Chole:
Cysto:
Angio:

A

Relation to bile
bag or sac
duct

109
Q

Exam 2:
What is GERD?

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

110
Q

Exam 2:
What do we use to reduce scatter?

A

bucky slot shield
(lead apron + lead drape shield, exposure patterns)

111
Q

Exam 2:
What are the 3 cardinal rules for radiation protection?

A

time
shielding
distance (most effective)

112
Q

Exam 2:
What is another name for gallstones?

A

Choleilths

113
Q

Exam 2:
Where’s the difference between the head and tail of the pancreas location in relation to the small bowel?

A

head of pancreas is located in right upper quadrant (in C-loop of duodenum)
tail of pancreas is located in the left upper quadrant **

114
Q

Exam 2:
Where is the sphincter of Oddi located (hepatopancreatic sphincter)?

A

muscle fibers located near the terminal opening into the duodenum

115
Q

Exam 2:
What is Trichobezoar?
Phytobezoar?

A

Mass of hair clumped up in the stomach
(vegetable fibers or wood products)

116
Q

Exam 2:
Where should the CR be for an RAO position of the stomach on a hyposthenic patient?
Hypersthenic?

A

2 inches inferior to L1
2 inches superior to L1

117
Q

Exam 2:
In double contrast what is radiopaque?
what is radiolucent?

A

barium (positive contrast)
air (negative contrast)
(polyps, diverticula, & ulcers are best shown with DC)

Donny Positioning semester 3 (5 decks)

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