ch. 13 pg 7-12

Question 1

Which non-respiratory air movement clears the upper respiratory passageways?

Answer 1

Sneezing

Question 2

The presence of air in the intrapleural space is known as

Answer 2

Pneumothorax

Question 3

The respiratory movement representing the total amount of exchangeable air is the

Answer 3

Vital capacity

Question 4

The amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a tidal expiration is about

Answer 4

1200 mL

Question 5

The amount of air exchanged during normal quiet breathing is about

Answer 5

500 mL

Question 6

Carbon dioxide dissolves in blood plasma for transport as

Answer 6

Bicarbonate ion

Question 7

Oxygen binds with hemoglobin in the blood to form

Answer 7

Oxyhemoglobin

Question 8

The bluish cast that results from inadequate oxygenation of the skin and mucosa is called

Answer 8

Cyanosis

Question 9

Where are the respiratory centers housed which control in voluntary breathing rates?

Answer 9

Medulla and Pons

Question 10

Cessation of breathing is called

Answer 10

Apnea

Question 11

Hypoventilation dramatically increases carbonic acid concentration and involves

Answer 11

Extremely slow breathing

Question 12

Hyperventilation leads to all the following except:

A. brief periods of apnea
B. cyanosis
C. dizziness
D. fainting
E. Buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood

Answer 12

E. Buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood

Question 13

The most important chemical stimulus leading to increased rate and depth of breathing is

Answer 13

Increased carbon dioxide in the blood (and decreased blood pH)

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a feature of COPD:

A. most patients have a genetic predisposition to COPD
B. dyspnea becomes progressively more severe
C. frequent pulmonary infections are common
D. Most COPD victims are hypoxic
E. Most patients have a history of smoking

Answer 14

A. most patients have a genetic predisposition to COPD

Question 15

Which congenital respiratory disease results in oversecretion of mucus and clogging of respiratory passageways?

Answer 15

Cystic fibrosis

Question 16

The molecule that prevents lung collapse by lowering the surface tension of the water film lining each alveolar sac is called:

Answer 16

Surfactant

Question 17

Surfactant is usually present in fetal lungs in adequate quantities by

Answer 17

28 to 30 weeks of pregnancy

Question 18

The abbreviation IRDS stands for:

Answer 18

Infant respiratory distress syndrome

Question 19

What is the most common cause for lung cancer?

Answer 19

Smoking

Question 20

The respiratory rate in adults is:

Answer 20

12 to 18 restorations per minute

Question 21

Homeostatic imbalance associated with the death of many full-term newborn infants is called:

Answer 21

SIDS- Sudden infant death syndrome

Question 22

Obstruction of the trachea by a piece of food can lead to:

Answer 22

Aspiration pneumonia

Question 23

Which of these age-related disorders is related to loss of elasticity of the lungs and hypoxia?

Answer 23

Sleep apnea

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT true of lung cancer:

A. It accounts for one third of all cancer deaths in the US
B. Its incidence is currently increasing
C. It is generally more prevalent in males than females
D. Most types of lung cancer are very aggressive
E. Lung cancers often metastasize rapidly and widely

Answer 24

C. It is generally more prevalent in males than females

Question 25

True or false: the ciliated cells of the nasal mucosa propel contaminated mucous posteriorly toward the pharynx

Answer 25

.

Question 26

True or false: the nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the nasal conchae.

Answer 26

False, pharynx

Question 27

True or false: there are only three paranasal sinuses located in the frontal, sphenoid, and parietal bones

Answer 27

False, 4: Frontal Ethmoidal Sphenoidal Maxillary

Question 28

True or false: the portion of the pharynx continuous with the mouth is termed the oropharynx

Answer 28

True

Question 29

True or false: tonsils are located in the larynx

Answer 29

False, pharynx

Question 30

True or false: the larynx routes air and food into their proper channel and plays an important role in speech production.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

True or false: the "guardian of the airways" that prevents food from entering the superior opening of the larynx is the thyroid cartilage.

Answer 31

False, epiglottis

Question 32

True or false: the emergency surgical opening of the trachea is called a tracheostomy

Answer 32

True

Question 33

True or false: each main or primary bronchus enters the lung at the apex

Answer 33

False, hilum

Question 34

True or false: the lungs are housed in the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity.

Answer 34

False: the mediastinum houses the heart, the lungs occupy the rest of the entire thoracic cavity.

Question 35

True or false: the bronchioles are the smallest of the conducting passageways in the lungs:

Answer 35

True

Question 36

True or false: the parietal pleura is superficial to the visceral pleura

Answer 36

True

Question 37

True or false: the respiratory membrane is the air-blood barrier, where gases are exchanged.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

True or false: the respiratory zone includes the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

True or false: the process of breathing is known as pulmonary ventilation.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

True or false: inspiration results when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax.

Answer 40

False, contract

Question 41

True or false: expiration occurs when the thoracic and intrapulmonary volumes decrease and the intrapulmonary pressure increases.

Answer 41

True

Question 42

True or false: the amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled over the tidal volume is around 3100 mL.

Answer 42

False, 1200 mL

Question 43

True or false: normal quiet breathing, known as tidal volume, is around 500 mL of air.

Answer 43

True

Question 44

True or false: sudden inspirations resulting from spasms in the diaphragm are hiccups

Answer 44

True

Question 45

True or false: bronchial sounds are produced as air fills the alveoli of the lungs.

Answer 45

False, air rushing through the trachea and bronchi

Question 46

True or false: wheezing is a whistling sound associated with diseased respiratory tissue, mucus, or pus.

Answer 46

True

Question 47

True or false: according to the laws of diffusion, movement of a respiratory gas occurs toward the area of higher concentration of that particular respiratory gas.

Answer 47

True

Question 48

True or false: the general term for inadequate oxygen delivery to body tissues regardless of the cause is called hypoxia.

Answer 48

True

Question 49

True or false: venous blood in systemic circulation is poorer and oxygen and richer in carbon dioxide

Answer 49

True

Question 50

True or false: hyperpnea results from exercise when breathing becomes deeper and more vigorous

Answer 50

True

Question 51

True or false: the lungs of the fetus are filled with air late in pregnancy.

Answer 51

False

Question 52

True or false: changes in oxygen levels in the blood are the most important stimuli for breathing in a healthy person.

Answer 52

False, the body's need to rid itself of carbon dioxide

Question 53

``` Match the following structure with its description: A. Surfactant B. Mucus C. Nasal conchae D. Bronchioles E. Larynx F. Diaphragm G. Trachea H. Pleura I. Epiglottis J. Mucus K. Main bronchi L. Glottis M. Alveoli N. Pharynx ``` 1. Passageway for both food and air; known as the "throat" 2. Rigid, patent airway reinforced with C – rings of hyaline cartilage 3. Routes air and food into the proper channels 4. Protects the superior opening of the larynx during swallowing 5. Serous membrane surrounding the lungs 6. Lipid (fat) molecule produced by the alveoli to prevent alveoli collapse 7. Smallest conducting passageways in the lungs 8. Part of the respiratory zone, these air sacs are the sites of gas exchange

Answer 53

1. N, pharynx 2. G, trachea 3. E, larynx 4. I, epiglottis 5. H, pleura 6. A, surfactant 7. D, bronchioles 8. M, alveoli

Question 54

Match the following mechanism with its associated non-respiratory movement: ``` A Crying B. Sneezing C. Coughing D. Hiccuping E. Yawning F. Laughing G. Throat-clearing ``` 1. Involves using the uvula to close the oral cavity off from the pharynx in order to clear the upper respiratory passages 2. And emotionally induced response that produces air movements similar to crying 3. A very deep inspiration formally believed to be triggered by low oxygen 4. Primarily an emotionally induced mechanism that involves release of air in a number of short breaths, similar to laughing 5. Blast of upward rushing air that clears the lower respiratory passageways 6. Sudden inspirations resulting from spasms of the diaphragm

Answer 54

1. B, sneezing 2. F, laughing 3. E, yawning 4. A, crying 5. C, coughing 6. D, hiccuping

Question 55

That's the following definitions with their associated respiratory volume or capacity: ``` A. Total lung capacity B. Tidal volume C. Dead space volume D. Vital capacity E. Conducting zone volume F. Inspiratory reserve volume G. Residual volume H. Expiratory reserve volume ``` 1. Amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after normal tidal expiration 2. Normal, quiet breathing which moves approximately 500 ml of air per breath 3. Air that enters the respiratory tract and remains within the conducting zone passageways 4. Amount of air that can be inhaled forcibly over the tidal volume 5. Total amount of exchangeable air 6. Air that remains in the lungs even after the most strenuous expiration 7. Sum total of tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume

Answer 55

1. H, expiratory reserve volume 2. B, Tidal volume 3. C, Dead space volume 4. F, inspiratory reserve volume 5. D, vital capacity 6. G, residual volume 7. D, vital capacity