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A & P > ch. 13 pg 7-12 > Flashcards

ch. 13 pg 7-12 Flashcards

1
Q

Which non-respiratory air movement clears the upper respiratory passageways?

A

Sneezing

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2
Q

The presence of air in the intrapleural space is known as

A

Pneumothorax

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3
Q

The respiratory movement representing the total amount of exchangeable air is the

A

Vital capacity

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4
Q

The amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a tidal expiration is about

A

1200 mL

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5
Q

The amount of air exchanged during normal quiet breathing is about

A

500 mL

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6
Q

Carbon dioxide dissolves in blood plasma for transport as

A

Bicarbonate ion

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7
Q

Oxygen binds with hemoglobin in the blood to form

A

Oxyhemoglobin

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8
Q

The bluish cast that results from inadequate oxygenation of the skin and mucosa is called

A

Cyanosis

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9
Q

Where are the respiratory centers housed which control in voluntary breathing rates?

A

Medulla and Pons

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10
Q

Cessation of breathing is called

A

Apnea

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11
Q

Hypoventilation dramatically increases carbonic acid concentration and involves

A

Extremely slow breathing

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12
Q

Hyperventilation leads to all the following except:

A. brief periods of apnea
B. cyanosis
C. dizziness
D. fainting
E. Buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood
A

E. Buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood

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13
Q

The most important chemical stimulus leading to increased rate and depth of breathing is

A

Increased carbon dioxide in the blood (and decreased blood pH)

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14
Q

Which of the following is NOT a feature of COPD:

A. most patients have a genetic predisposition to COPD
B. dyspnea becomes progressively more severe
C. frequent pulmonary infections are common
D. Most COPD victims are hypoxic
E. Most patients have a history of smoking

A

A. most patients have a genetic predisposition to COPD

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15
Q

Which congenital respiratory disease results in oversecretion of mucus and clogging of respiratory passageways?

A

Cystic fibrosis

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16
Q

The molecule that prevents lung collapse by lowering the surface tension of the water film lining each alveolar sac is called:

A

Surfactant

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17
Q

Surfactant is usually present in fetal lungs in adequate quantities by

A

28 to 30 weeks of pregnancy

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18
Q

The abbreviation IRDS stands for:

A

Infant respiratory distress syndrome

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19
Q

What is the most common cause for lung cancer?

A

Smoking

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20
Q

The respiratory rate in adults is:

A

12 to 18 restorations per minute

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21
Q

Homeostatic imbalance associated with the death of many full-term newborn infants is called:

A

SIDS- Sudden infant death syndrome

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22
Q

Obstruction of the trachea by a piece of food can lead to:

A

Aspiration pneumonia

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23
Q

Which of these age-related disorders is related to loss of elasticity of the lungs and hypoxia?

A

Sleep apnea

24
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of lung cancer:

A. It accounts for one third of all cancer deaths in the US
B. Its incidence is currently increasing
C. It is generally more prevalent in males than females
D. Most types of lung cancer are very aggressive
E. Lung cancers often metastasize rapidly and widely

A

C. It is generally more prevalent in males than females

25
Q

True or false: the ciliated cells of the nasal mucosa propel contaminated mucous posteriorly toward the pharynx

A

.

26
Q

True or false: the nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the nasal conchae.

A

False, pharynx

27
Q

True or false: there are only three paranasal sinuses located in the frontal, sphenoid, and parietal bones

A

False, 4:

Frontal
Ethmoidal
Sphenoidal
Maxillary

28
Q

True or false: the portion of the pharynx continuous with the mouth is termed the oropharynx

A

True

29
Q

True or false: tonsils are located in the larynx

A

False, pharynx

30
Q

True or false: the larynx routes air and food into their proper channel and plays an important role in speech production.

A

True

31
Q

True or false: the “guardian of the airways” that prevents food from entering the superior opening of the larynx is the thyroid cartilage.

A

False, epiglottis

32
Q

True or false: the emergency surgical opening of the trachea is called a tracheostomy

A

True

33
Q

True or false: each main or primary bronchus enters the lung at the apex

A

False, hilum

34
Q

True or false: the lungs are housed in the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity.

A

False: the mediastinum houses the heart, the lungs occupy the rest of the entire thoracic cavity.

35
Q

True or false: the bronchioles are the smallest of the conducting passageways in the lungs:

A

True

36
Q

True or false: the parietal pleura is superficial to the visceral pleura

A

True

37
Q

True or false: the respiratory membrane is the air-blood barrier, where gases are exchanged.

A

True

38
Q

True or false: the respiratory zone includes the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli.

A

True

39
Q

True or false: the process of breathing is known as pulmonary ventilation.

A

True

40
Q

True or false: inspiration results when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax.

A

False, contract

41
Q

True or false: expiration occurs when the thoracic and intrapulmonary volumes decrease and the intrapulmonary pressure increases.

A

True

42
Q

True or false: the amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled over the tidal volume is around 3100 mL.

A

False, 1200 mL

43
Q

True or false: normal quiet breathing, known as tidal volume, is around 500 mL of air.

A

True

44
Q

True or false: sudden inspirations resulting from spasms in the diaphragm are hiccups

A

True

45
Q

True or false: bronchial sounds are produced as air fills the alveoli of the lungs.

A

False, air rushing through the trachea and bronchi

46
Q

True or false: wheezing is a whistling sound associated with diseased respiratory tissue, mucus, or pus.

A

True

47
Q

True or false: according to the laws of diffusion, movement of a respiratory gas occurs toward the area of higher concentration of that particular respiratory gas.

A

True

48
Q

True or false: the general term for inadequate oxygen delivery to body tissues regardless of the cause is called hypoxia.

A

True

49
Q

True or false: venous blood in systemic circulation is poorer and oxygen and richer in carbon dioxide

A

True

50
Q

True or false: hyperpnea results from exercise when breathing becomes deeper and more vigorous

A

True

51
Q

True or false: the lungs of the fetus are filled with air late in pregnancy.

A

False

52
Q

True or false: changes in oxygen levels in the blood are the most important stimuli for breathing in a healthy person.

A

False, the body’s need to rid itself of carbon dioxide

53
Q 
Match the following structure with its description:
A. Surfactant
B. Mucus
C. Nasal conchae
D. Bronchioles 
E. Larynx
F. Diaphragm
G. Trachea
H. Pleura
I. Epiglottis
J. Mucus
K. Main bronchi
L. Glottis
M. Alveoli
N. Pharynx
  1. Passageway for both food and air; known as the “throat”
  2. Rigid, patent airway reinforced with C – rings of hyaline cartilage
  3. Routes air and food into the proper channels
  4. Protects the superior opening of the larynx during swallowing
  5. Serous membrane surrounding the lungs
  6. Lipid (fat) molecule produced by the alveoli to prevent alveoli collapse
  7. Smallest conducting passageways in the lungs
  8. Part of the respiratory zone, these air sacs are the sites of gas exchange
A
  1. N, pharynx
  2. G, trachea
  3. E, larynx
  4. I, epiglottis
  5. H, pleura
  6. A, surfactant
  7. D, bronchioles
  8. M, alveoli
54
Q

Match the following mechanism with its associated non-respiratory movement:

A Crying
B. Sneezing
C. Coughing
D. Hiccuping
E. Yawning
F. Laughing
G. Throat-clearing
  1. Involves using the uvula to close the oral cavity off from the pharynx in order to clear the upper respiratory passages
  2. And emotionally induced response that produces air movements similar to crying
  3. A very deep inspiration formally believed to be triggered by low oxygen
  4. Primarily an emotionally induced mechanism that involves release of air in a number of short breaths, similar to laughing
  5. Blast of upward rushing air that clears the lower respiratory passageways
  6. Sudden inspirations resulting from spasms of the diaphragm
A
  1. B, sneezing
  2. F, laughing
  3. E, yawning
  4. A, crying
  5. C, coughing
  6. D, hiccuping
55
Q

That’s the following definitions with their associated respiratory volume or capacity:

A. Total lung capacity
B. Tidal volume
C. Dead space volume
D. Vital capacity
E. Conducting zone volume
F. Inspiratory reserve volume
G. Residual volume
H. Expiratory reserve volume
  1. Amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after normal tidal expiration
  2. Normal, quiet breathing which moves approximately 500 ml of air per breath
  3. Air that enters the respiratory tract and remains within the conducting zone passageways
  4. Amount of air that can be inhaled forcibly over the tidal volume
  5. Total amount of exchangeable air
  6. Air that remains in the lungs even after the most strenuous expiration
  7. Sum total of tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume
A
  1. H, expiratory reserve volume
  2. B, Tidal volume
  3. C, Dead space volume
  4. F, inspiratory reserve volume
  5. D, vital capacity
  6. G, residual volume
  7. D, vital capacity

A & P (10 decks)

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