ch. 13 pg 7-12 Flashcards
Which non-respiratory air movement clears the upper respiratory passageways?
Sneezing
The presence of air in the intrapleural space is known as
Pneumothorax
The respiratory movement representing the total amount of exchangeable air is the
Vital capacity
The amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a tidal expiration is about
1200 mL
The amount of air exchanged during normal quiet breathing is about
500 mL
Carbon dioxide dissolves in blood plasma for transport as
Bicarbonate ion
Oxygen binds with hemoglobin in the blood to form
Oxyhemoglobin
The bluish cast that results from inadequate oxygenation of the skin and mucosa is called
Cyanosis
Where are the respiratory centers housed which control in voluntary breathing rates?
Medulla and Pons
Cessation of breathing is called
Apnea
Hypoventilation dramatically increases carbonic acid concentration and involves
Extremely slow breathing
Hyperventilation leads to all the following except:
A. brief periods of apnea B. cyanosis C. dizziness D. fainting E. Buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood
E. Buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood
The most important chemical stimulus leading to increased rate and depth of breathing is
Increased carbon dioxide in the blood (and decreased blood pH)
Which of the following is NOT a feature of COPD:
A. most patients have a genetic predisposition to COPD
B. dyspnea becomes progressively more severe
C. frequent pulmonary infections are common
D. Most COPD victims are hypoxic
E. Most patients have a history of smoking
A. most patients have a genetic predisposition to COPD
Which congenital respiratory disease results in oversecretion of mucus and clogging of respiratory passageways?
Cystic fibrosis
The molecule that prevents lung collapse by lowering the surface tension of the water film lining each alveolar sac is called:
Surfactant
Surfactant is usually present in fetal lungs in adequate quantities by
28 to 30 weeks of pregnancy
The abbreviation IRDS stands for:
Infant respiratory distress syndrome
What is the most common cause for lung cancer?
Smoking
The respiratory rate in adults is:
12 to 18 restorations per minute
Homeostatic imbalance associated with the death of many full-term newborn infants is called:
SIDS- Sudden infant death syndrome
Obstruction of the trachea by a piece of food can lead to:
Aspiration pneumonia
Which of these age-related disorders is related to loss of elasticity of the lungs and hypoxia?
Sleep apnea
Which of the following is NOT true of lung cancer:
A. It accounts for one third of all cancer deaths in the US
B. Its incidence is currently increasing
C. It is generally more prevalent in males than females
D. Most types of lung cancer are very aggressive
E. Lung cancers often metastasize rapidly and widely
C. It is generally more prevalent in males than females
True or false: the ciliated cells of the nasal mucosa propel contaminated mucous posteriorly toward the pharynx
.
True or false: the nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the nasal conchae.
False, pharynx
True or false: there are only three paranasal sinuses located in the frontal, sphenoid, and parietal bones
False, 4:
Frontal
Ethmoidal
Sphenoidal
Maxillary
True or false: the portion of the pharynx continuous with the mouth is termed the oropharynx
True
True or false: tonsils are located in the larynx
False, pharynx
True or false: the larynx routes air and food into their proper channel and plays an important role in speech production.
True
True or false: the “guardian of the airways” that prevents food from entering the superior opening of the larynx is the thyroid cartilage.
False, epiglottis
True or false: the emergency surgical opening of the trachea is called a tracheostomy
True
True or false: each main or primary bronchus enters the lung at the apex
False, hilum
True or false: the lungs are housed in the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity.
False: the mediastinum houses the heart, the lungs occupy the rest of the entire thoracic cavity.
True or false: the bronchioles are the smallest of the conducting passageways in the lungs:
True
True or false: the parietal pleura is superficial to the visceral pleura
True
True or false: the respiratory membrane is the air-blood barrier, where gases are exchanged.
True
True or false: the respiratory zone includes the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli.
True
True or false: the process of breathing is known as pulmonary ventilation.
True
True or false: inspiration results when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax.
False, contract
True or false: expiration occurs when the thoracic and intrapulmonary volumes decrease and the intrapulmonary pressure increases.
True
True or false: the amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled over the tidal volume is around 3100 mL.
False, 1200 mL
True or false: normal quiet breathing, known as tidal volume, is around 500 mL of air.
True
True or false: sudden inspirations resulting from spasms in the diaphragm are hiccups
True
True or false: bronchial sounds are produced as air fills the alveoli of the lungs.
False, air rushing through the trachea and bronchi
True or false: wheezing is a whistling sound associated with diseased respiratory tissue, mucus, or pus.
True
True or false: according to the laws of diffusion, movement of a respiratory gas occurs toward the area of higher concentration of that particular respiratory gas.
True
True or false: the general term for inadequate oxygen delivery to body tissues regardless of the cause is called hypoxia.
True
True or false: venous blood in systemic circulation is poorer and oxygen and richer in carbon dioxide
True
True or false: hyperpnea results from exercise when breathing becomes deeper and more vigorous
True
True or false: the lungs of the fetus are filled with air late in pregnancy.
False
True or false: changes in oxygen levels in the blood are the most important stimuli for breathing in a healthy person.
False, the body’s need to rid itself of carbon dioxide
Match the following structure with its description: A. Surfactant B. Mucus C. Nasal conchae D. Bronchioles E. Larynx F. Diaphragm G. Trachea H. Pleura I. Epiglottis J. Mucus K. Main bronchi L. Glottis M. Alveoli N. Pharynx
- Passageway for both food and air; known as the “throat”
- Rigid, patent airway reinforced with C – rings of hyaline cartilage
- Routes air and food into the proper channels
- Protects the superior opening of the larynx during swallowing
- Serous membrane surrounding the lungs
- Lipid (fat) molecule produced by the alveoli to prevent alveoli collapse
- Smallest conducting passageways in the lungs
- Part of the respiratory zone, these air sacs are the sites of gas exchange
- N, pharynx
- G, trachea
- E, larynx
- I, epiglottis
- H, pleura
- A, surfactant
- D, bronchioles
- M, alveoli
Match the following mechanism with its associated non-respiratory movement:
A Crying B. Sneezing C. Coughing D. Hiccuping E. Yawning F. Laughing G. Throat-clearing
- Involves using the uvula to close the oral cavity off from the pharynx in order to clear the upper respiratory passages
- And emotionally induced response that produces air movements similar to crying
- A very deep inspiration formally believed to be triggered by low oxygen
- Primarily an emotionally induced mechanism that involves release of air in a number of short breaths, similar to laughing
- Blast of upward rushing air that clears the lower respiratory passageways
- Sudden inspirations resulting from spasms of the diaphragm
- B, sneezing
- F, laughing
- E, yawning
- A, crying
- C, coughing
- D, hiccuping
That’s the following definitions with their associated respiratory volume or capacity:
A. Total lung capacity B. Tidal volume C. Dead space volume D. Vital capacity E. Conducting zone volume F. Inspiratory reserve volume G. Residual volume H. Expiratory reserve volume
- Amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after normal tidal expiration
- Normal, quiet breathing which moves approximately 500 ml of air per breath
- Air that enters the respiratory tract and remains within the conducting zone passageways
- Amount of air that can be inhaled forcibly over the tidal volume
- Total amount of exchangeable air
- Air that remains in the lungs even after the most strenuous expiration
- Sum total of tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume
- H, expiratory reserve volume
- B, Tidal volume
- C, Dead space volume
- F, inspiratory reserve volume
- D, vital capacity
- G, residual volume
- D, vital capacity
