Ch. 13 Labor and Birth Flashcards
What are the 5 factors (o’s) that affect labor and birth
Passenger (fetus+placenta) Passageway (both canal) Powers (contractions) Position psychologic
What factors contribute to the movement of the passenger
size of head presentation Lie Attitude Position
What are the 3 main fetal presentations
cephalic
Breech
shoulder
What does the fetal presentation refer to
Part of the fetus that enters the pelvic inlet 1st
What does the fetal lie refer to
relation of the spine of the fetus to the long axis spine to mother (vertical or horizontal)
What does the position refer to
Relationship of a reference point on the presenting part (occiput, scrum, mentum) to the 4 quadrants of the mothers pelvis
What does the 3 letter abbreviation for referencing position
- Right/left
- Occiput, Sacrum, Mentum (presenting part)
- Anterior, Posterior, transverse (location)
What is the station
Relationship of presenting fetal part to the ischia spine. It measures the decent of the part through birth canal
Define engagement
Indicates the largest transverse diameter of part as passed through maternal inlet into true pelvis
What is the primary powers
Involuntary uterine contraction, signal beginning of labor
What are the secondary powers
Voluntary bearing down efforts
Define frequency (contractions)
Time from beginning of one contraction to the beginning of the next
Define effacement
Shortening and thinking of the cervix during 1st stage of labor by %
Define dilation
Enlargement of the cervical opening and canal (1-10cm)
What is Ferguson reflex
Bearing down
Why should women have frequent position change
Relieve fatigue, increase comfort, improve circulation
Define lightning
Dropping; uterus sinks down and forward (occurs 2weeks before term, part goes into true pelvis)
What is the bloody show
Brownish or blood-tinged cervical mucus
What are some of the signs preceding labor
Lightning, urinary frequency, backache, increased Braxton hicks, weight loss 1kg, surge of energy, bloody show, cervical ripening, ROM
During the onset of labor which hormones are increased
Estrogen, oxytocin, prostaglandins
During the onset of labor which hormones are decreased
Progesterone
How long does the 2nd stage of labor last
Time when cervix is fully dilated to birth of fetus
How long does the 3rd stage of labor last
Birth of fetus until plantate is delivered
How long does the 4th stage of labor last
About 2hrs after delivery of plantae
What are the 7 cardinal movements and mechanism of labor
Engagement, descent, flexion, internal rotation, external rotation, expulsion
When is the head engaged
When biparietal diameter of head passes the pelvic inlet
What are the 4 forces that effect descent
- pressure exerted by amniotic fluid
- direct pressure by contracting funds on fetus
- Force of contraction
- Extension and straightening of body
Can the placenta detach itself from a flaccid uterus
No
