Ch. 13 Labor and Birth

Question 1

What are the 5 factors (o’s) that affect labor and birth

Answer 1

Passenger (fetus+placenta) 
Passageway (both canal) 
Powers (contractions)
Position 
psychologic

Question 2

What factors contribute to the movement of the passenger

Answer 2

size of head
presentation 
Lie
Attitude
Position

Question 3

What are the 3 main fetal presentations

Answer 3

cephalic
Breech
shoulder

Question 4

What does the fetal presentation refer to

Answer 4

Part of the fetus that enters the pelvic inlet 1st

Question 5

What does the fetal lie refer to

Answer 5

relation of the spine of the fetus to the long axis spine to mother (vertical or horizontal)

Question 6

What does the position refer to

Answer 6

Relationship of a reference point on the presenting part (occiput, scrum, mentum) to the 4 quadrants of the mothers pelvis

Question 7

What does the 3 letter abbreviation for referencing position

Answer 7

1. Right/left
2. Occiput, Sacrum, Mentum (presenting part)
3. Anterior, Posterior, transverse (location)

Question 8

What is the station

Answer 8

Relationship of presenting fetal part to the ischia spine. It measures the decent of the part through birth canal

Question 9

Define engagement

Answer 9

Indicates the largest transverse diameter of part as passed through maternal inlet into true pelvis

Question 10

What is the primary powers

Answer 10

Involuntary uterine contraction, signal beginning of labor

Question 11

What are the secondary powers

Answer 11

Voluntary bearing down efforts

Question 12

Define frequency (contractions)

Answer 12

Time from beginning of one contraction to the beginning of the next

Question 13

Define effacement

Answer 13

Shortening and thinking of the cervix during 1st stage of labor by %

Question 14

Define dilation

Answer 14

Enlargement of the cervical opening and canal (1-10cm)

Question 15

What is Ferguson reflex

Answer 15

Bearing down

Question 16

Why should women have frequent position change

Answer 16

Relieve fatigue, increase comfort, improve circulation

Question 17

Define lightning

Answer 17

Dropping; uterus sinks down and forward (occurs 2weeks before term, part goes into true pelvis)

Question 18

What is the bloody show

Answer 18

Brownish or blood-tinged cervical mucus

Question 19

What are some of the signs preceding labor

Answer 19

Lightning, urinary frequency, backache, increased Braxton hicks, weight loss 1kg, surge of energy, bloody show, cervical ripening, ROM

Question 20

During the onset of labor which hormones are increased

Answer 20

Estrogen, oxytocin, prostaglandins

Question 21

During the onset of labor which hormones are decreased

Answer 21

Progesterone

Question 22

How long does the 2nd stage of labor last

Answer 22

Time when cervix is fully dilated to birth of fetus

Question 23

How long does the 3rd stage of labor last

Answer 23

Birth of fetus until plantate is delivered

Question 24

How long does the 4th stage of labor last

Answer 24

About 2hrs after delivery of plantae

Question 25

What are the 7 cardinal movements and mechanism of labor

Answer 25

Engagement, descent, flexion, internal rotation, external rotation, expulsion

Question 26

When is the head engaged

Answer 26

When biparietal diameter of head passes the pelvic inlet

Question 27

What are the 4 forces that effect descent

Answer 27

1. pressure exerted by amniotic fluid
2. direct pressure by contracting funds on fetus
3. Force of contraction
4. Extension and straightening of body

Question 28

Can the placenta detach itself from a flaccid uterus

Answer 28

No