Ch. 13 Injury Prevention For The Athlete

Question 1

Warm-up Protocols

Answer 1

• 12-15 min
• Submaximal, non-fatiguing activity
• Stretching
• Sport-specific movements
• Injury prevention techniques
• Gradual intensity and movement specificity progression
• Increase from half-tempo to game pace
• Also use for extended breaks in athletic events

Question 2

Active warm-up

Answer 2

submaximal activity that facilitates a 1- degree Celsius increase in internal core temperature

Question 3

Common foot injuries

Answer 3

Achilles tendonitis, plantar fasciitis, metatarsal stress fracture

Question 4

Foot injury prevention techniques

Answer 4

Achilles tendon stretch (bent knee), Achilles tendon stretch (straight knee), resisted dorsiflexion, towel crunches

Question 5

Common ankle injuries

Answer 5

lateral ankle sprain, medial ankle sprain, syndesmotic (high ankle) sprain

Question 6

Ankle injury prevention techniques

Answer 6

restore closed-chain dorsiflexion through stretching, strengthen ankle musculature, use functional activities (e.g., hopping, lateral, and cutting movements), progress acute variables over several weeks

Question 7

Common knee injuries

Answer 7

patellofemoral pain (PFP) syndrome, anterior cruciate ligament injuries

Question 8

Knee injury prevention techniques

Answer 8

hip strengthening (e.g., tube walking), proprioceptive-balance training, plyometric agility training; technique-movement awareness training

Question 9

Common low back injuries

Answer 9

disc injury, muscle strain/ligament sprain, sacroiliac joint (SIJ) dysfunction

Question 10

Low back injury prevention techniques

Answer 10

strengthening of lumbar spine, lower limbs, and abdominal muscles; correcting imbalances throughout the body; improving overall neuromuscular control

Question 11

Common shoulder injuries

Answer 11

shoulder impingement, shoulder instability

Question 12

Shoulder injury prevention techniques

Answer 12

SMR, static, and neuromuscular stretching; isolated strengthening of underactive scapular muscles

Question 13

Concussions

Answer 13

1.6-3.8 million occurrences per year, reaching epidemic status; when the brain hits the inside of the skull due to impact or drastic motion of the head

Question 14

Concussion prevention techniques

Answer 14

strengthening of the head, neck, and cervical structures; use manual resistance (MR) if neck flexion/extension machine not available

Question 15

Injury rehabilitation protocol

Answer 15

three graded stages defined by an athlete’s symptomology and trajectory of recovery

Question 16

Injury rehabilitation protocol: Stage 1

Answer 16

injured area managed by athletic trainer and sports medicine staff; strengthen non-traumatized areas using iso-lateral or single-limb training

Question 17

Injury rehabilitation protocol: Stage 2

Answer 17

athlete regains pain-free ROM and cleared by medical staff; therapeutic and progressive in nature; increases blood circulation to injured area to promote continued healing; keep joint stress minimal

Question 18

Injury rehabilitation protocol: Stage 3

Answer 18

focused on returning injured area to baseline or greater than pre-injury strength level; additional focus on increasing metabolic conditioning

Question 19

Anterior Talofibular (Ligament)

Answer 19

Function: Prevents anterior translation of the talus on the fibula and ankle mortise. Taut when foot is plantarflexed.

Injury Mechanism: Most commonly injured ligament. Injured with plantarflexion and inversion.

Question 20

Calcaneofibular (Ligament)

Answer 20

Function: Prevents supination of talocrural and subtalar joints. Limits rearfoot inversion and internal rotation. Taut in dorsiflexion.

Injury Mechanism: Second most commonly injured ligament. Injured with plantarflexion and inversion.

Question 21

Posterior Talofibular (Ligament)

Answer 21

Function: Limits inversion and internal rotation. Taut in extreme dorsiflexion.

Injury Mechanism: Third most commonly injured.
Injured with dorsiflexion and internal rotation.

Question 22

Deltoid (Ligament)

Answer 22

Function: Limits eversion. Taut in eversion.

Injury Mechanism: Not often injured. Injured with eversion.

Question 23

Subtalar joint cervical and interosseous (Ligament)

Answer 23

Function: Limit pronation and supination.

Injury Mechanism: Unclear how often injured and with what mechanism.

Question 24

Anterior and posterior inferior tibiofibular (Ligament)

Answer 24

Function: Stabilize the ankle mortise.

Injury Mechanism: Involved with high ankle sprains.
Injured with eversion and extreme dorsiflexion.

Question 25

What percentage of ACL injuries are non-contact in nature, occurring during rapid deceleration?

Answer 25

70-75%

Question 26

Which of the following exercises is ideal for preventing further shoulder injury in a tennis player with a history of rotator cuff injury?

Answer 26

Squat to row

Question 27

Which of the following is a risk factor for abnormal tracking of the patella?

Answer 27

Decreased strength in the hip musculature

Question 28

Which of the following is a thick, fibrous band of tissue that runs from the calcaneus and fans out to insert on the metatarsal heads of the foot?

Answer 28

Plantar fascia

Question 29

What is the frequency of ankle injuries per season in high school sports?

Answer 29

1 injury per 17 athletes

Question 30

Which of the following is recommended programming for the prevention of ACL injuries?

Answer 30

Proprioception-balance and plyometric-agility training

Question 31

Which of the following is a requirement for an injured athlete to complete her rehabilitation protocol?

Answer 31

Pain-free movement

Question 32

Which of the following is an ideal transition from a warm-up to an activity phase?

Answer 32

5-10 minute rest period without cooling the body

Question 33

Which of the following is a risk factor for shoulder pain?

Answer 33

Repetitive overhead movements

Question 34

What is the most common risk factor for a lateral ankle sprain?

Answer 34

Having a previous ankle sprain

Question 35

According to the Centers for Disease Control, which type of sports injury is becoming an epidemic?

Answer 35

Concussion

Question 36

Which of the following is a recommended beginning treatment plan for patellofemoral pain syndrome?

Answer 36

Strengthening the hips and quadriceps with multi-joint weight bearing exercises

Question 37

Which of the following muscle weaknesses are a known contributor for low back pain?

Answer 37

Transverse abdominus and multifidius

Question 38

What percentage of people diagnosed with PFP reported continued knee pain up to 18 years from the original presentation of symptoms?

Answer 38

91%

Question 39

A client reports feeling pain in her heel that gets worse when she gets out of bed in the morning. Which condition is most likely affecting this client?

Answer 39

Plantar fasciitis