Ch 13 Female repro Flashcards
What happens to the ovary during proestrust?
It enlarges and becomes more spherical. Follicles (up to 10 per ovary, up to 11mm diameter) begin to appear.
What happens to the number of follicles on the day of ovulation? What is the appearance of the ovary at this stage?
The follicle number decreases to 0 to 2 per ovary. These remaining follicles decrease in size.
The ovary may have a bumpy contour and a scant amount of surrounding fluid.
During which phase is the ovary at its maximum size?
estrus, about 3 to 4 times the size compared to anestrus
How do corpora lutea compare to pre-ovulatory follicles?
They are 5 to 9 mm diameter and tend to be thicker wall and more variable in shape. There are approximately three per ovary.
Do the corpora Lutea increase or decrease in echogenicity during diestrus?
Increase in echogenic while decreasing in size
How do you differentiate follicles and corpora lutea from ovarian cysts?
Serial monitoring. Follicles should not persist longer than 30 days and corpora lutea should not persist for more than 60 days.
the length of normal pregnancy is
_________for dogs and _______ for cats.
65 ± 1 day
61 days
When is a fetal heartbeat first recognised?
dogs: 23-25d
cats: 16-18d
What would abnormal fetal posture, reduced
volume and increased echogenicity of fluid in the gestational sack indicate?
fetal death
which of these can be diagnosed on US? (may be >1)
A. Failure of implantation
B. Fetal viability and distress
C. Underdeveloped fetus
D. Abnormal location of fetus (within uterus)
E. Hydrocephalus
B. Fetal viability and distress
E. Hydrocephalus
Normal fetal heart rate has been reported to be
twice that of maternal heart rate.
This is a reliable indicator of fetal viability. Bradycardia is the normal response of a fetus to hypoxia and is an important parameter to identify in dystocia.
What is the US appearance of uterine torsion i.e. changes to the uterus?
Uterine torsion is a potentially life-
threatening condition that is characterized by infarction of the affected uterine segment, with subsequent wall thickening, increased echogenicity of the uterine wall and fetal fluids, and fetal death.
Which of these usually shows anechoic fluid and which shows echogenic fluid?
Hydrometra, Pyometra, Hematometra, Mucometra
anechoic: Hydro, muco
echogenic: pyo, hemato
What are common concurrent findings with pyo/muco/hydro/hemato-metra?
uterine wall thickening
endometrial cysts (CEH)
polyps
