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Micro Bio Final Exam > CH. 12 THE EUKARYOTES > Flashcards

CH. 12 THE EUKARYOTES Flashcards

1
Q

the study of fungi

A

Mycology

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2
Q

Saprobes

A

decompose dead organic matter

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3
Q

living organic matter

A

Parasite

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4
Q

defining cellular characteristics of kingdom fungi?

A

EUKARYOTIC
CHITIN
SEXUAL OR ASEXUAL SPORES
HETEROTROPHIC

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5
Q

Differentiate saprobe and parasite

A

Sabrobe derive nutrients from dead organic matter

parasites derive their nutrients from living host

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6
Q

Know primary type of respiration?

A

AEROBIC or

FACULATIVE ANAEROBE

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7
Q

thallus is the ?

A

body

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8
Q

hyphae are the ?

A

filaments

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9
Q

a mass of hypahae is ?

A

mycelium

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10
Q

contain cross-walls?

do not contain septa?

A

Septate hyphae

Coenocytic hyphae

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11
Q

Differentiate role of aerial and vegetative hyphae?

A

Vegetative hyphae obtain nutrients while aerial hyphae are involved with reproduction

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12
Q

Differentiate budding and fission in yeasts

A

Budding yeasts divide unevenly

Fission yeasts divide evenly

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13
Q

dimorphic ?

A

two growth patterns
Yeastlike at 37°-C and moldlike at 25°-C
Ex. Candida albicans

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14
Q

Differentiate sexual and asexual spore formation

A

Asexual spores
Produced via mitosis and cell division; formed by the hyphae of one organism

Fusion of nuclei from two opposite mating strains
meiosis

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15
Q

Nutritional Adaptations?

A

Grow better at pH of 5
Grow in high sugar and salt concentration; resistant to osmotic pressure
Can grow in low moisture content
Can metabolize complex carbohydrates

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16
Q

Mycosis

A

fungal infection

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17
Q

Systemic mycoses

A

deep within the body

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18
Q

Subcutaneous mycoses

A

beneath the skin

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19
Q

Cutaneous mycoses

A

affect hair, skin, and nails

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20
Q

Superficial mycoses

A

localized (e.g., hair shafts)

outermost layers of the body

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21
Q

Opportunistic mycoses

A

fungi harmless in normal habitat but pathogenic in a compromised host

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22
Q

defining characteristics of diatoms?

A

Pectin and silica cell walls
Unicellular or filamentous
Store oil
Produce domoic acid—cause neurological disease

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23
Q

defining characteristics of dinoflagellates

A

Cellulose in plasma membrane
Unicellular
Neurotoxins (saxitoxins) cause paralytic shellfish poisoning

24
Q

health risks associated with blooms of algae?

A

saxitoxin which causes paralytic shellfish poisoning

causes paralysis and even death

25
Q

defining characteristics of Protozoa?

A

Unicellular eukaryotes
Inhabit water and soil
Animal-like nutrition
Complex life cycles

26
Q

purpose of trophozite and cyst?

A

trophozite= feeding and growing stage

cyst: dormant stage to survive adverse conditions

27
Q

Asexual reproduction of protozoa is by ?

A

fission, budding, or schizogony (multiple fission)

28
Q

Sexual reproduction of protozoans is by?

A

conjugtion

29
Q

most important environmental requirements for protozoans is ?

A

moist enviornment

30
Q

method of movement used by amebae?

A

extending pseudopods

31
Q

disease caused by Acanthamoeba—

A

infects corneas and causes blindness

32
Q

disease caused by Naegleria fowleri

A

Brain eating amoeba

33
Q

disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica

A

causes amebic dysentery

34
Q

type of movement by Apicomplexa ?

A

NON motile

35
Q

disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii ?

A

transmitted by cats; causes fetal infections

36
Q

disease caused by Cryptosporidium ?

A

transmitted via feces; causes waterborne illness

37
Q

disease caused by plasmodium?

38
Q

disease caused by balantidium coli?

A

causes dysentery

39
Q

meathod of movement by ciliates?

A

move by cilia arranged in rows

40
Q

life cycle of plasmodium?

A

mosquito bites

sporozites migrate to liver and meterozites are produced

meterozites released into blood stream

develops into ring stage in red blood cell

Ring stage grows and divides, producing merozoites

Merozoites are released when red blood cell ruptures; some merozoites infect new red blood cells, and some develop into male and female gametocytes.

Another mosquito bitesinfected human and ingests gametocytes

In mosquito’s digestive tract, gametocytes unite to form
zygote

Resulting sporozoites migrate to salivary glands of mosquito.

41
Q

defining characteristics of helminths?

A 
Multicellular eukaryotic animals
Specialized to live in hosts
May lack digestive system
Reduced nervous system
Reduced or lacking locomotion
Complex reproductive system
42
Q

Dioecious

A

Separate male and female

43
Q

Monoecious

A

Male and female reproductive systems in one animal

44
Q

typical life cycle of typical parasitic worm?

A

egg, larvae, intermediate host, adult, definitive host

45
Q

what are the two phyla of helminths?

and three subphyla?

A

Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
Nematoda (round worms)

trematode, cestode, nematode

46
Q

disease caused by paragonimus?

A

lung fluke

47
Q

disease caused by Schistosoma

A

blood fluke

48
Q

disease caused by Clonorchis sinensis

A

Chinese liver fluke

49
Q

Taenia solium?

A

pork tape worm

50
Q

Taenia saginata ?

A

beef tape worm

51
Q

Echinococcus granulosus?

A

Larvae migrate to the liver or lungs and develop a hydatid cyst

52
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

A

infects human intestines

53
Q

Trichuris trichiura

A

is a parasitic roundworm that causes trichuriasis when it infects a human large intestine

54
Q

enterobius vermicularis

A

itching in the anal area

55
Q

necator americanus?

A

intestinal disease

56
Q

heterotroph?

A

an organism deriving its nutritional requirements from outside complex organic substances.

57
Q

larvae, and bore into the intestinal wall

Produce

A

cysticerci

Micro Bio Final Exam (3 decks)

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