Ch. 12 Neurological Approaches

Question 1

Describe the following motor learning stage:

Skill Acquisition stage (Cognitive stage)

Answer 1

occurs during initial instruction and practice of a skill

Question 2

Describe the following motor learning stage:

Skill Retention stage (Associated stage)

Answer 2

involves “carryover” as individuals are asked to demonstrate their newly acquired skill after initial practice

Question 3

Describe the following motor learning stage:

Skill Transfer stage (Autonomous stage)

Answer 3

involves the individual demonstrating the skill in a new context

Question 4

Describe primary guiding principles in Carr and Shepherd’s Motor Relearning Program (MRP)

Answer 4

• Goal is to relearn effective strategies for functional movements
• does not follow a developmental sequence
• use of compensatory strategies limits recovery
• focus on learning general strategies for solving motor problems (not a specific movement) so it can be generalized to multiple situations and environments

Question 5

Describe a closed task

Answer 5

Performed in a predictable and stable environment, movements can be planned in advance.
E.g. teeth brushing, signing a check

Question 6

Describe a variable motionless task

Answer 6

involves interacting with a stable and predictable environment but specific features of the environment are likely to vary between performance trials.
E.g. performing ADLs outside the usual home environment.

Question 7

Describe an open task

Answer 7

performed in a constantly change environment that may be unpredictable
E.g. driving in traffic, soccer

Question 8

Describe a consistent motion task

Answer 8

Environmental conditions are in motion during activity performance but motion is consistent and predictable between trials.
E.g. stepping onto an escalator, assembly line work, retrieving luggage from a baggage carousel

Question 9

Describe blocked practice

Answer 9

repetitive practice of the same task uninterrupted by practice of other tasks.
E.g. practicing sit to stand 5 times in a row.

Question 10

Describe massed practice

Answer 10

rest is much less than practice time.

E.g. Constraint Induced Movement Therapy