Ch 12

Question 1

Movements borne out of bebop

Answer 1

Cool jazz and hard bop were both

movements in jazz born out of bebop.

Question 2

Cool jazz musicians..

Answer 2

Cool jazz became associated with a

group of white musicians on the West Coast

Question 3

Hard bop musicians..

Answer 3

Hard bop was created by African

Americans in New York

Question 4

Hard bop

Answer 4

Musically, hard bop was emotional.
But the timbre of hard bop was unrestrained
and assertive, with changes in dynamics and
melodic intensity.
Hard bop often featured basic harmonic
progressions

Question 5

Cool jazz was..

Answer 5

But cool jazz was reticent.
(reticent – not revealing one’s feelings
readily)
That is, the timbre of cool jazz was restrained, with stable dynamics and melodic calm.
Cool jazz featured sophisticated harmonies

Question 6

Lennie Tristano

Answer 6

a blind
pianist from Chicago who was schooled In
European classical music.

(In 1946), he moved to New York, where he
played with Parker and Gillespie.

Question 7

Tristano’s music

Answer 7

Tristano’s jazz was virtuosic, experimental,
but also and emotionally aloof.
His piano playing featured long winding
phrases that include counterpoint

Question 8

Davis’ playing style

Answer 8

personal
timbre, longer tones, and suggestive
silences.

Question 9

Miles Davis Nonet

Answer 9

1. Miles Davis and his arrangers wanted 
to slow down bebop.
2. They wanted to create a new balance 
between improvisation and composition.
3. focused on the middle range and lower registers.
4. They were aiming for chamber-like 
sonorities.

Question 10

Venus de Milo

Answer 10

32 bar popular song
Arranged (composed) by Gerry Mulligan.
Chorus 2 - Davis solo

Question 11

Modern Jazz Quartet

Answer 11

all-black Modern Jazz Quartet (MJQ) led by John Lewis, on the East Coast.
Members:
John Lewis – piano

Milt Jackson – vibraphone

Kenny Clarke – drums

Percy Heath – bass

Question 12

John Lewis…

Answer 12

He insisted that every performance be
like a classical concert, even if it was in a
club.

Question 13

“Vendome” by MJQ

Answer 13

it is a fugue is a Baroque-era (1600–1750) polyphonic form

combined with “Harmonic progression from “All the
Things You Are” “

Question 14

Hard Bop development

Answer 14

Hard bop was a new kind of bebop that began to be performed on the East Coast in the late 1950s.

Question 15

LPs

Answer 15

LPs had about twenty minutes per side of
music and were made of unbreakable vinyl.
The LP allowed recordings of longer jazz
pieces – led to people composing longer
pieces or taking longer solos.

Question 16

Press-roll

Answer 16

It was an intense rumbling of the snare
drum, usually at a turnaround.
(Art Blakey)

Question 17

Jazz Messengers

Answer 17

The Jazz Messengers helped to codify

the style of hard bop.

Question 18

Hard Bop features (4)

Answer 18

1. Quintet music (piano, bass, drums,
   trumpet, tenor saxophone)
2. Bluesy simplicity
3. Gospel-inspired themes
4. Backbeat rhythms (emphasis on the 2 and
   4)

Question 19

Clifford

Answer 19

Unlike Charlie Parker, Brown did not drink,
smoke, or take drugs.
Soloist on A Night in Tunisia.

Question 20

Sonny Rollins

Answer 20

Hard bop musician (was a model for many
Young tenor players in the 1950s. )

“improvisation should play not only off of the harmonies but should
also paraphrase the melody. “

known for paraphrasing
key phrases (motives) from the head
while improvising.

Third, Rollins is known for playing cadenzas
(monophonic solo passage emphasizing
one’s virtuosity).

ebullience (the
Quality of being cheerful and full of energy)

Question 21

“I’m an Old Cowhand”

Answer 21

18 bar popular song
A 8
B 6
C 4
sonny rollins - sax
ray brown - bass

Question 22

Wes Montgomery

Answer 22

radically changed the sound of the jazz guitar with his innovative technique.
playing with his thumb, achieving an amazing mastery with this technique and a strikingly mellow tone.