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PSYC111 > Ch 12 & 4 Knowledge Check > Flashcards

Ch 12 & 4 Knowledge Check Flashcards

1
Q

personality

A

enduring set of internally based characteristics that create uniqueness & consistency in a person’s thoughts & behaviors

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2
Q

Freud’s psychoanalytic perspective

A
  • majority of behavior controlled by unconscious mind
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3
Q

Topographical Theory of the Mind

A

the way an individual behaves and feels is result of the conscious mind, preconscious mind, & unconscious mind

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4
Q

conscious mind

A

all mental activities that a person is aware of & able to freely access

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5
Q

preconscious mind

A

level of consciousness that is not at the forefront of the mind but info can be retrieved and brought to the conscious

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6
Q

unconscious mind

A

houses thoughts and impulses that could be too inappropriate for the conscious mind

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7
Q

free association

A

technique psychoanalysts use where they ask clients to freely share anything that comes to mind to understand their unconscious thoughts

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8
Q

manifest content

A

the actual content of a dream that someone remembers without interpretation

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9
Q

latent content

A

content of dreams that consists of someone’s true thoughts & feelings contained in their unconscious

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10
Q

id

A

component of unconscious driven by sexual & impulsive desires
- operates on pleasure principle = fulfilling urges

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11
Q

ego

A

mediates the id & superego & decides course of action
- operates on reality principle = impulses from the unconscious & expressed in socially acceptable ways

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12
Q

superego

A

the moral compass of the mind
- regulated by ego ideal & conscious

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13
Q

reality anxiety

A

anxiety that serves as warning for real danger

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14
Q

moral anxiety

A

anxiety that notifies the superego that the ego is considering violating moral code

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15
Q

defense mechanisms

A

averting expressions of id without conscious awareness

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16
Q

repression

A

defense mechanism where ego removes threatening stimulus from conscious awareness

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17
Q

collective unconscious

A

according to Jung, unconscious mind is interconnected with experiences of past generations of different people throughout the world

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18
Q

archetypes

A

all universal knowledge is stored in the collective unconscious by a variety of thought patterns & behavior rituals that persist over time

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19
Q

persona

A

tendency for people to develop a certain behavior in public to get along with others

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20
Q

shadow

A

represents dark, primitive side of personality

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21
Q

striving for superiority

A

Adler proposed at a conscious level, individuals are motivated by efforts to achieve excellence & improvements over past self & acts in ways to benefit social interest

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22
Q

social security

A

Horney describes a sense of feeling safe & loved in relationships with others

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23
Q

basic anxiety

A

Horney says those who feel unloved & unsafe develop anxiety

24
Q

basic hostility

A

Horney says people feel anger or hostility when in insecure relationships

25
Q

twin studies

A

studies on twins that allow researchers to determine the proportion that a characteristic is due to genetics or upbringing

26
Q

monozygotic / identical twins

A

twins share 100% of DNA

27
Q

dizygotic / fraternal twins

A

twins share about 50% of DNA

28
Q

ascending reticular activating system (ARAS)

A

network of structures in the midbrain that acts as a filter & regulates arousal in the brain
- linked with introversion & extraversion

29
Q

3-factor theory

A

theory of personality that consists of evaluating: extraversion/introversion, neuroticism/emotional stability, psychoticism/impulse control

30
Q

5-factor model

A

o - openness
c - conscientiousness
e - extraversion
a - agreeableness
n - neuroticism

31
Q

teratogens

A

environmental substances that negatively impact development during gestation

32
Q

period of the zygote

A

conception - 2 weeks
- rapid cell division

33
Q

blastocyst

A

fertilized egg embeds into uterine wall

34
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

blastocyst implants into fallopian tube instead of uterine wall

35
Q

period of the embryo

A

2-8 weeks gestation
- major organ & body system development
- when teratogens are most harmful

36
Q

period of the fetus

A

9 weeks gestation - birth
- growth & refinement
- final period of prenatal development

37
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome

A

when consumption of alcohol during pregnancy results in damage to internal organs & altered physical characteristics

38
Q

thalidomide

A

drug prescribed to pregnant women for morning sickness which ended up being extremely harmful to fetus

39
Q

zika virus

A

transmitted through sexual contact
- associated with microcephaly

40
Q

jean piaget

A

constructivist theoretical perspective
- observed his children & established stages of cognitive development

41
Q

assimilation

A

incorporation of new info into existing cognitive structures

42
Q

accomodation

A

creation of new cognitive structures to house new info

43
Q

sensorimotor stage

A

birth - 2 years old
- learning that occurs though a child’s sensory interactions with physical environment

44
Q

object permanence

A

understanding that objects still exist even if they cannot be seen

45
Q

preoperational period

A

2 - 7 years old
- increased ability to use symbols & logical thinking
- animism
- egocentrism

46
Q

concrete operational period

A

7 - 11 years old
- increased cognitive ability in reasoning concrete events

47
Q

scaffolding

A

idea proposed by lev Vygotsky that offered cognitive support from parent or teacher helps learner acquire new skill or knowledge

48
Q

attachment

A

emotional bond formed with primary caregivers

49
Q

secure attachment

A

healthy level of independence & exploration

50
Q

insecure-resistant attachment

A

child is very clingy to parent when they try to leave

51
Q

insecure-avoidant attachment

A

characterized by child being unaffected by parent returning during reunion

52
Q

pre-conventional morality

A

children think of morality in terms of rewards & punishment

53
Q

conventional morality

A

child places value on social conventions

54
Q

post-conventional morality

A

morality based on abstract principles instead of societal expectations

55
Q
A

PSYC111 (3 decks)

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