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Honors A&P > Ch 1.2 -1.4 > Flashcards

Ch 1.2 -1.4 Flashcards

1
Q

___ anatomy is a subdivision or gross anatomy in which you study internal structures by examining how they look and feel through the external surface of the body.

A

Surface

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2
Q

A subdivision of micro-anatomy that focuses on the study of cells: ___

A

cytology

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3
Q

the study of the structural changes that occur throughout the lifetime: ___ anatomy

A

development

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4
Q

medical students first began to receive training in anatomy at the University of ___ in ___ around the year 1288.

A

bologna , Italy

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5
Q

The study of the body’s structure- its parts and their relationships to one another: ___

A

anatomy

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6
Q

___ physiology is a subdivision of physiology that focuses on the inner workings of the brain, spinal cord, and the peripheral nerves.

A

Neuro

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7
Q

The study of large body structures visible to the naked eye is called ___ anatomy

A

gross

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8
Q

The body’s abilities ultimately depends on the ___ reactions that go on within it’s ___.

A

chemical, cells

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9
Q

___ anatomy is an approach to studying gross anatomy in which you study one body system at a time.

A

systemic

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10
Q

___ anatomy is one approach to studying gross anatomy in which you study all the structures in a particular area of the body

A

Regional

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11
Q

T/F?

the subdivisions of physiology consider the specific organ systems at the cellular and molecular level

A

True

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12
Q

the study of large body structures visible to the naked eye is called: ___ anatomy

A

gross

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13
Q

A subdivision of developmental anatomy that studies the developmental changes that occur before birth : ___

A

embryology

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14
Q

A subdivision of micro-anatomy that focuses on the study of body tissues: ___

A

histology

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15
Q

The human body consists of ___ % water

A

75

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16
Q

the cardiovascular and respiratory systems work together to bring ___ to the blood and body cells.

A

oxygen

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17
Q

T/F?

water in food makes up about 20% of your water intake

A

true

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18
Q

T/F?

Beverages such as coffee or tea count towards ones water intake goal

A

true

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19
Q

T/F?

the higher our internal body temperature, the more food we would have to eat in order to maintain it

A

true

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20
Q

A 1 mLvolume of air contains ___ quintillion molecules of air

A

10

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21
Q

about ___% of the air we breath consists of oxygen

A

20

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22
Q

taking in enough ___ may prevent strokes, diabetes, or cancer

A

water

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23
Q

about 50-60% of our body weight is ___

A

water

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24
Q

the study of structures too small to be seen with the naked eye such as cells and tissues: ___ anatomy

A

microscopic

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25
Q

when body temperature is high, ___ lose their shape and stop functioning

A

proteins or enzymes

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26
Q

if you get too cold, your blood vessels will ___ and you’ll shiver to warm up

A

contract

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27
Q

what are the 5 things the human body needs to survive?

A

oxygen, nutrients, water, normal body temperature, and normal atmospheric pressure

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28
Q

the most abundant chemical in the body is___

A

water

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29
Q

hyponatremia is another name for ___

A

over- hydration

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30
Q

at lower altitudes, atmospheric pressure is ___ than it is at sea level.

A

higher

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31
Q

T/F?
our body temperature is 37C because that number provides the optimal balance between protection from fungal species invasion and the cost of extra food consumption

A

true

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32
Q

solid waste is produced and excreted from the body by the ___ system while liquid waste and excess water is eliminated by the ___ system

A

digestive, urinary

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33
Q

T/F?

reproduction occurs at both the cellular and whole- person levels

A

true

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34
Q

T/F?

most nutrients are absorbed in the large intestine

A

false

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35
Q

the sum of all anabolic and catabolic processes in the body is referred to as ___

A

metabolism

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36
Q

which body system is most involved in responsiveness? ___

A

nervous

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37
Q

the knee jerk reflex that occurs when your patellar tendon is tapped is an example of ___

A

responsiveness

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38
Q

which things help the body maintain boundaries?

A

skin, serous membrane, and cell membrane

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39
Q

a person will grow when their cells increase in ___ or ___

A

number, size

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40
Q

what would be considered a waste product of digestion and metabolism?

A

urea, indigestible food residues, carbon dioxide

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41
Q

the respiratory systems too is to provide ___, which is required for many chemical reactions

A

energy

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42
Q

the activity of the ___ system generates most of the body heat

A

muscular

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43
Q

which body systems are involved in producing whole body movement?

A

skeletal, muscular, nervous

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44
Q

the air is thinner at___ altitudes

A

higher

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45
Q

when body temperature is too high, ___ loose their shape and stop functioning

A

proteins

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46
Q

___ is a waste product that is created during the process of cellular respiration

A

carbon dioxide

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47
Q

T/F?

someone with a “fast metabolism” burns calories from foods at a higher rate than someone with a “slow metabolism”

A

true

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48
Q

your brain senses that your blood sugar has fallen too low and signals you to eat, this is an example of the body’s ___

A

responsiveness

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49
Q

building complex cellular structures from simpler ones is called ___

A

anabolism

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50
Q

the study of the body’s function- how the body parts work and carry out their activities: ___

A

physiology

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51
Q

the rectum is part of the ___ system

A

digestive

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52
Q

the large intestine is part of the ___ system

A

digestive

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53
Q

tendons are part of the ___ system

A

muscular

54
Q

arteries are part of the ___ system

A

cardiovascular

55
Q

joints are part of the ___ system

A

skeletal

56
Q

the bronchi are part of the ___ system

A

respiratory

57
Q

the small intestine is part of the ___ system

A

digestive

58
Q

the ___ system produces estrogen/ testosterone

A

reproductive

59
Q

the ___ system supports and protects body organs

A

skeletal

60
Q

the ___ system keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen

A

respiratory

61
Q

the ___ system maintains posture

A

muscular

62
Q

the ___ system provides framework the muscles use to cause movement

A

skeletal

63
Q

the ___ system pumps blood throughout the body

A

cardiovascular

64
Q

the ___ system is responsible for the production of offspring

A

reproductive

65
Q

the liver is part of the ___ system

A

urinary

66
Q

the penis is part of the ___ system

A

reproductive

67
Q

tendons are part of the ___ system

A

muscular

68
Q

the trachea is part of the ___ system

A

respiratory

69
Q

the ___ system produces eggs/ sperm

A

reproductive

70
Q

the ___ system supports and protects body organs

A

skeletal

71
Q

the ___ system is closely tied to the immune system.

A

lymphatic

72
Q

veins are part of the ___ system

A

cardiovascular

73
Q

nails are part of the ___ system

A

integumentary

74
Q

the anus is part of the ___ system

A

digestive

75
Q

the ovaries are part of the ___ system

A

reproductive

76
Q

the ___ system synthesizes vitamin D.

A

integumentary

77
Q

the ___ system picks up fluid leaked from the blood vessels and returns it to the blood

A

lymphatic

78
Q

the ___ system secretes hormones that regulate growth, reproduction, and metabolism

A

endocrine

79
Q

the force that air exerts on the surface of the body is called___

A

atmospheric pressure

80
Q

the process of removing wastes is called ___

A

excretion

81
Q

breaking down more complex cellular structures into simpler ones is called ___

A

catabolism

82
Q

the ___ system contains receptors for pain, pressure, temperature, etc.

A

lymphatic

83
Q

the ___ system delivers oxygen and nutrients to the body

A

cardiovascular

84
Q

___ anatomy is one approach to studying gross anatomy in which you study all the structures in a particular area of the body.

A

regional

85
Q

skeletal muscles are part of the ___ system

A

muscular

86
Q

cardiac muscle is part of the ___ system

A

cardiovascular

87
Q

Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals are all examples of ___

A

nutrients

88
Q

does food moving through the digestive tract qualify as muscle movement?

A

yes

89
Q

does performing bicep curls at the gym qualify as muscle movement?

A

yes

90
Q

does the heart pumping blood throughout the body qualify as muscle movement?

A

yes

91
Q

do the blood vessels expanding and contracting to help regulate body temperature qualify as muscle movement?

A

yes

92
Q

does urine being expelled from the body by the bladder qualify as muscle movement?

A

yes

93
Q

does the brain sending a nerve impulse down the spinal cord qualify as muscle movement?

A

no

94
Q

the esophagus is part of the ___ system

A

digestive

95
Q

The ___ system responds to internal and external changes by activating muscles and glands

A

nervous

96
Q

in a homeostatic control system, the receptor sends a signal along the sensory or ___ pathway to the control center. this signal is also called the “input”

A

afferent

97
Q

in a homeostatic control system, the ___ is usually the brain

A

control center

98
Q

homeostatic ___ occurs when the body’s homeostatic control mechanisms become less efficient and effective

A

imbalance

99
Q

which organ system is responsible for maintaining homeostasis?

A

all organ systems

100
Q

if you get too hot, your bills vessels will ___ and you’ll start to cool down

A

dilate

101
Q

the gall bladder is part of the ___ system

A

digestive

102
Q

the body’s ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world changes continuously is called ___

A

homeostasis

103
Q

T/F?

the body is in homeostasis when it’s needs are adequately met and it is functioning smoothly

A

true

104
Q

when the body’s response to an initial stimulus is to reduce the effect of that stimulus (to cause the variable to return to its normal level or range) , a ___ feedback mechanism is at work

A

negative

105
Q

in a homeostatic control system, the sensor that monitors the environment and responds to changes( temperature changes in the skin) is called a ___

A

receptor

106
Q

___ feedback mechanisms are more likely to have localized (limited to one area of the body or organ system) than systemic effects

A

positive

107
Q

the oral cavity (mouth) is part of the ___ system

A

digestive

108
Q

T/F?

when the body is in homeostasis, it’s internal conditions never vary

A

false

109
Q

in a homeostatic control system, a change in the body’s internal environment is called the ___

A

stimulus

110
Q

in a homeostatic control system, the organ or organ system that determines the level or range at which a variable is to be maintained, analyzes input, and determines the appropriate response is called the ___

A

control center

111
Q

___ feedback mechanisms tend to control infrequent events that do not require continuous adjustments

A

positive

112
Q

both aging and disease processes may cause a homeostatic ___

A

imbalance

113
Q

T/F?

the body is in homeostasis when it’s needs are adequately met and it is functioning smoothly

A

true

114
Q

in a homeostatic control system, the ___ is the factor or event being regulated (ex. body temp)

A

variable

115
Q

the goal of all ___ feedback mechanisms is to prevent severe changes within the body

A

negative

116
Q

as we ___, our homeostatic control system become less efficient and our internal environment becomes less and less stable

A

age

117
Q

the ___ system eliminates nitrogenous wastes such as urea

A

urinary

118
Q

in a homeostatic control system, the control center sends a signal along the motor of ___ pathway to the effector. also called the output

A

efferent

119
Q

when the body’s response to an initial stimulus is to reduce the effect of that stimulus, a ___ feedback mechanism is at work

A

negative

120
Q

homeostasis is a ___ equilibrium

A

dynamic

121
Q

in a homeostatic control system, the ___ provides the means for the control centers response

A

effector

122
Q

in a homeostatic control system, the ___ is usually a muscle, organ or gland

A

effector

123
Q

when the body’s response to an initial stimulus is to enhance the effect of that stimulus, a ___ feedback mechanism is at work

A

positive

124
Q

the fallopian tubes are part of the ___ system

A

reproductive

125
Q

the diaphragm is part of the ___ system

A

respiratory, muscular

126
Q

the larynx is part of the ___ system

A

respiratory

127
Q

the liver is part of the ___ system

A

digestive

128
Q

the digestive systems role in metabolism is to provide ___ which may be broken down to produce enerdy

A

nutrients

129
Q

the ___ system allows manipulation of objects and the environment

A

muscular

130
Q

if you stop eating, the first thing your body would do is break down glycogen stored in the liver and muscle tissue into ___ and release it into the bloodstream where it could be used for energy

A

glucose

131
Q

___ provides the environment necessary for chemical reactions to take place in the body

A

water

Honors A&P (4 decks)

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