Ch 1.2 -1.4 Flashcards
___ anatomy is a subdivision or gross anatomy in which you study internal structures by examining how they look and feel through the external surface of the body.
Surface
A subdivision of micro-anatomy that focuses on the study of cells: ___
cytology
the study of the structural changes that occur throughout the lifetime: ___ anatomy
development
medical students first began to receive training in anatomy at the University of ___ in ___ around the year 1288.
bologna , Italy
The study of the body’s structure- its parts and their relationships to one another: ___
anatomy
___ physiology is a subdivision of physiology that focuses on the inner workings of the brain, spinal cord, and the peripheral nerves.
Neuro
The study of large body structures visible to the naked eye is called ___ anatomy
gross
The body’s abilities ultimately depends on the ___ reactions that go on within it’s ___.
chemical, cells
___ anatomy is an approach to studying gross anatomy in which you study one body system at a time.
systemic
___ anatomy is one approach to studying gross anatomy in which you study all the structures in a particular area of the body
Regional
T/F?
the subdivisions of physiology consider the specific organ systems at the cellular and molecular level
True
the study of large body structures visible to the naked eye is called: ___ anatomy
gross
A subdivision of developmental anatomy that studies the developmental changes that occur before birth : ___
embryology
A subdivision of micro-anatomy that focuses on the study of body tissues: ___
histology
The human body consists of ___ % water
75
the cardiovascular and respiratory systems work together to bring ___ to the blood and body cells.
oxygen
T/F?
water in food makes up about 20% of your water intake
true
T/F?
Beverages such as coffee or tea count towards ones water intake goal
true
T/F?
the higher our internal body temperature, the more food we would have to eat in order to maintain it
true
A 1 mLvolume of air contains ___ quintillion molecules of air
10
about ___% of the air we breath consists of oxygen
20
taking in enough ___ may prevent strokes, diabetes, or cancer
water
about 50-60% of our body weight is ___
water
the study of structures too small to be seen with the naked eye such as cells and tissues: ___ anatomy
microscopic
when body temperature is high, ___ lose their shape and stop functioning
proteins or enzymes
if you get too cold, your blood vessels will ___ and you’ll shiver to warm up
contract
what are the 5 things the human body needs to survive?
oxygen, nutrients, water, normal body temperature, and normal atmospheric pressure
the most abundant chemical in the body is___
water
hyponatremia is another name for ___
over- hydration
at lower altitudes, atmospheric pressure is ___ than it is at sea level.
higher
T/F?
our body temperature is 37C because that number provides the optimal balance between protection from fungal species invasion and the cost of extra food consumption
true
solid waste is produced and excreted from the body by the ___ system while liquid waste and excess water is eliminated by the ___ system
digestive, urinary
T/F?
reproduction occurs at both the cellular and whole- person levels
true
T/F?
most nutrients are absorbed in the large intestine
false
the sum of all anabolic and catabolic processes in the body is referred to as ___
metabolism
which body system is most involved in responsiveness? ___
nervous
the knee jerk reflex that occurs when your patellar tendon is tapped is an example of ___
responsiveness
which things help the body maintain boundaries?
skin, serous membrane, and cell membrane
a person will grow when their cells increase in ___ or ___
number, size
what would be considered a waste product of digestion and metabolism?
urea, indigestible food residues, carbon dioxide
the respiratory systems too is to provide ___, which is required for many chemical reactions
energy
the activity of the ___ system generates most of the body heat
muscular
which body systems are involved in producing whole body movement?
skeletal, muscular, nervous
the air is thinner at___ altitudes
higher
when body temperature is too high, ___ loose their shape and stop functioning
proteins
___ is a waste product that is created during the process of cellular respiration
carbon dioxide
T/F?
someone with a “fast metabolism” burns calories from foods at a higher rate than someone with a “slow metabolism”
true
your brain senses that your blood sugar has fallen too low and signals you to eat, this is an example of the body’s ___
responsiveness
building complex cellular structures from simpler ones is called ___
anabolism
the study of the body’s function- how the body parts work and carry out their activities: ___
physiology
the rectum is part of the ___ system
digestive
the large intestine is part of the ___ system
digestive
tendons are part of the ___ system
muscular
arteries are part of the ___ system
cardiovascular
joints are part of the ___ system
skeletal
the bronchi are part of the ___ system
respiratory
the small intestine is part of the ___ system
digestive
the ___ system produces estrogen/ testosterone
reproductive
the ___ system supports and protects body organs
skeletal
the ___ system keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen
respiratory
the ___ system maintains posture
muscular
the ___ system provides framework the muscles use to cause movement
skeletal
the ___ system pumps blood throughout the body
cardiovascular
the ___ system is responsible for the production of offspring
reproductive
the liver is part of the ___ system
urinary
the penis is part of the ___ system
reproductive
tendons are part of the ___ system
muscular
the trachea is part of the ___ system
respiratory
the ___ system produces eggs/ sperm
reproductive
the ___ system supports and protects body organs
skeletal
the ___ system is closely tied to the immune system.
lymphatic
veins are part of the ___ system
cardiovascular
nails are part of the ___ system
integumentary
the anus is part of the ___ system
digestive
the ovaries are part of the ___ system
reproductive
the ___ system synthesizes vitamin D.
integumentary
the ___ system picks up fluid leaked from the blood vessels and returns it to the blood
lymphatic
the ___ system secretes hormones that regulate growth, reproduction, and metabolism
endocrine
the force that air exerts on the surface of the body is called___
atmospheric pressure
the process of removing wastes is called ___
excretion
breaking down more complex cellular structures into simpler ones is called ___
catabolism
the ___ system contains receptors for pain, pressure, temperature, etc.
lymphatic
the ___ system delivers oxygen and nutrients to the body
cardiovascular
___ anatomy is one approach to studying gross anatomy in which you study all the structures in a particular area of the body.
regional
skeletal muscles are part of the ___ system
muscular
cardiac muscle is part of the ___ system
cardiovascular
Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals are all examples of ___
nutrients
does food moving through the digestive tract qualify as muscle movement?
yes
does performing bicep curls at the gym qualify as muscle movement?
yes
does the heart pumping blood throughout the body qualify as muscle movement?
yes
do the blood vessels expanding and contracting to help regulate body temperature qualify as muscle movement?
yes
does urine being expelled from the body by the bladder qualify as muscle movement?
yes
does the brain sending a nerve impulse down the spinal cord qualify as muscle movement?
no
the esophagus is part of the ___ system
digestive
The ___ system responds to internal and external changes by activating muscles and glands
nervous
in a homeostatic control system, the receptor sends a signal along the sensory or ___ pathway to the control center. this signal is also called the “input”
afferent
in a homeostatic control system, the ___ is usually the brain
control center
homeostatic ___ occurs when the body’s homeostatic control mechanisms become less efficient and effective
imbalance
which organ system is responsible for maintaining homeostasis?
all organ systems
if you get too hot, your bills vessels will ___ and you’ll start to cool down
dilate
the gall bladder is part of the ___ system
digestive
the body’s ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world changes continuously is called ___
homeostasis
T/F?
the body is in homeostasis when it’s needs are adequately met and it is functioning smoothly
true
when the body’s response to an initial stimulus is to reduce the effect of that stimulus (to cause the variable to return to its normal level or range) , a ___ feedback mechanism is at work
negative
in a homeostatic control system, the sensor that monitors the environment and responds to changes( temperature changes in the skin) is called a ___
receptor
___ feedback mechanisms are more likely to have localized (limited to one area of the body or organ system) than systemic effects
positive
the oral cavity (mouth) is part of the ___ system
digestive
T/F?
when the body is in homeostasis, it’s internal conditions never vary
false
in a homeostatic control system, a change in the body’s internal environment is called the ___
stimulus
in a homeostatic control system, the organ or organ system that determines the level or range at which a variable is to be maintained, analyzes input, and determines the appropriate response is called the ___
control center
___ feedback mechanisms tend to control infrequent events that do not require continuous adjustments
positive
both aging and disease processes may cause a homeostatic ___
imbalance
T/F?
the body is in homeostasis when it’s needs are adequately met and it is functioning smoothly
true
in a homeostatic control system, the ___ is the factor or event being regulated (ex. body temp)
variable
the goal of all ___ feedback mechanisms is to prevent severe changes within the body
negative
as we ___, our homeostatic control system become less efficient and our internal environment becomes less and less stable
age
the ___ system eliminates nitrogenous wastes such as urea
urinary
in a homeostatic control system, the control center sends a signal along the motor of ___ pathway to the effector. also called the output
efferent
when the body’s response to an initial stimulus is to reduce the effect of that stimulus, a ___ feedback mechanism is at work
negative
homeostasis is a ___ equilibrium
dynamic
in a homeostatic control system, the ___ provides the means for the control centers response
effector
in a homeostatic control system, the ___ is usually a muscle, organ or gland
effector
when the body’s response to an initial stimulus is to enhance the effect of that stimulus, a ___ feedback mechanism is at work
positive
the fallopian tubes are part of the ___ system
reproductive
the diaphragm is part of the ___ system
respiratory, muscular
the larynx is part of the ___ system
respiratory
the liver is part of the ___ system
digestive
the digestive systems role in metabolism is to provide ___ which may be broken down to produce enerdy
nutrients
the ___ system allows manipulation of objects and the environment
muscular
if you stop eating, the first thing your body would do is break down glycogen stored in the liver and muscle tissue into ___ and release it into the bloodstream where it could be used for energy
glucose
___ provides the environment necessary for chemical reactions to take place in the body
water
