Ch 1.2 -1.4 Flashcards
1
Q
___ anatomy is a subdivision or gross anatomy in which you study internal structures by examining how they look and feel through the external surface of the body.
A
Surface
2
Q
A subdivision of micro-anatomy that focuses on the study of cells: ___
A
cytology
3
Q
the study of the structural changes that occur throughout the lifetime: ___ anatomy
A
development
4
Q
medical students first began to receive training in anatomy at the University of ___ in ___ around the year 1288.
A
bologna , Italy
5
Q
The study of the body’s structure- its parts and their relationships to one another: ___
A
anatomy
6
Q
___ physiology is a subdivision of physiology that focuses on the inner workings of the brain, spinal cord, and the peripheral nerves.
A
Neuro
7
Q
The study of large body structures visible to the naked eye is called ___ anatomy
A
gross
8
Q
The body’s abilities ultimately depends on the ___ reactions that go on within it’s ___.
A
chemical, cells
9
Q
___ anatomy is an approach to studying gross anatomy in which you study one body system at a time.
A
systemic
10
Q
___ anatomy is one approach to studying gross anatomy in which you study all the structures in a particular area of the body
A
Regional
11
Q
T/F?
the subdivisions of physiology consider the specific organ systems at the cellular and molecular level
A
True
12
Q
the study of large body structures visible to the naked eye is called: ___ anatomy
A
gross
13
Q
A subdivision of developmental anatomy that studies the developmental changes that occur before birth : ___
A
embryology
14
Q
A subdivision of micro-anatomy that focuses on the study of body tissues: ___
A
histology
15
Q
The human body consists of ___ % water
A
75
16
Q
the cardiovascular and respiratory systems work together to bring ___ to the blood and body cells.
A
oxygen
17
Q
T/F?
water in food makes up about 20% of your water intake
A
true
18
Q
T/F?
Beverages such as coffee or tea count towards ones water intake goal
A
true
19
Q
T/F?
the higher our internal body temperature, the more food we would have to eat in order to maintain it
A
true
20
Q
A 1 mLvolume of air contains ___ quintillion molecules of air
A
10
21
Q
about ___% of the air we breath consists of oxygen
A
20
22
Q
taking in enough ___ may prevent strokes, diabetes, or cancer
A
water
23
Q
about 50-60% of our body weight is ___
A
water
24
Q
the study of structures too small to be seen with the naked eye such as cells and tissues: ___ anatomy
A
microscopic
25
when body temperature is high, ___ lose their shape and stop functioning
proteins or enzymes
26
if you get too cold, your blood vessels will ___ and you'll shiver to warm up
contract
27
what are the 5 things the human body needs to survive?
oxygen, nutrients, water, normal body temperature, and normal atmospheric pressure
28
the most abundant chemical in the body is___
water
29
hyponatremia is another name for ___
over- hydration
30
at lower altitudes, atmospheric pressure is ___ than it is at sea level.
higher
31
T/F?
our body temperature is 37C because that number provides the optimal balance between protection from fungal species invasion and the cost of extra food consumption
true
32
solid waste is produced and excreted from the body by the ___ system while liquid waste and excess water is eliminated by the ___ system
digestive, urinary
33
T/F?
| reproduction occurs at both the cellular and whole- person levels
true
34
T/F?
| most nutrients are absorbed in the large intestine
false
35
the sum of all anabolic and catabolic processes in the body is referred to as ___
metabolism
36
which body system is most involved in responsiveness? ___
nervous
37
the knee jerk reflex that occurs when your patellar tendon is tapped is an example of ___
responsiveness
38
which things help the body maintain boundaries?
skin, serous membrane, and cell membrane
39
a person will grow when their cells increase in ___ or ___
number, size
40
what would be considered a waste product of digestion and metabolism?
urea, indigestible food residues, carbon dioxide
41
the respiratory systems too is to provide ___, which is required for many chemical reactions
energy
42
the activity of the ___ system generates most of the body heat
muscular
43
which body systems are involved in producing whole body movement?
skeletal, muscular, nervous
44
the air is thinner at___ altitudes
higher
45
when body temperature is too high, ___ loose their shape and stop functioning
proteins
46
___ is a waste product that is created during the process of cellular respiration
carbon dioxide
47
T/F?
| someone with a "fast metabolism" burns calories from foods at a higher rate than someone with a "slow metabolism"
true
48
your brain senses that your blood sugar has fallen too low and signals you to eat, this is an example of the body's ___
responsiveness
49
building complex cellular structures from simpler ones is called ___
anabolism
50
the study of the body's function- how the body parts work and carry out their activities: ___
physiology
51
the rectum is part of the ___ system
digestive
52
the large intestine is part of the ___ system
digestive
53
tendons are part of the ___ system
muscular
54
arteries are part of the ___ system
cardiovascular
55
joints are part of the ___ system
skeletal
56
the bronchi are part of the ___ system
respiratory
57
the small intestine is part of the ___ system
digestive
58
the ___ system produces estrogen/ testosterone
reproductive
59
the ___ system supports and protects body organs
skeletal
60
the ___ system keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen
respiratory
61
the ___ system maintains posture
muscular
62
the ___ system provides framework the muscles use to cause movement
skeletal
63
the ___ system pumps blood throughout the body
cardiovascular
64
the ___ system is responsible for the production of offspring
reproductive
65
the liver is part of the ___ system
urinary
66
the penis is part of the ___ system
reproductive
67
tendons are part of the ___ system
muscular
68
the trachea is part of the ___ system
respiratory
69
the ___ system produces eggs/ sperm
reproductive
70
the ___ system supports and protects body organs
skeletal
71
the ___ system is closely tied to the immune system.
lymphatic
72
veins are part of the ___ system
cardiovascular
73
nails are part of the ___ system
integumentary
74
the anus is part of the ___ system
digestive
75
the ovaries are part of the ___ system
reproductive
76
the ___ system synthesizes vitamin D.
integumentary
77
the ___ system picks up fluid leaked from the blood vessels and returns it to the blood
lymphatic
78
the ___ system secretes hormones that regulate growth, reproduction, and metabolism
endocrine
79
the force that air exerts on the surface of the body is called___
atmospheric pressure
80
the process of removing wastes is called ___
excretion
81
breaking down more complex cellular structures into simpler ones is called ___
catabolism
82
the ___ system contains receptors for pain, pressure, temperature, etc.
lymphatic
83
the ___ system delivers oxygen and nutrients to the body
cardiovascular
84
___ anatomy is one approach to studying gross anatomy in which you study all the structures in a particular area of the body.
regional
85
skeletal muscles are part of the ___ system
muscular
86
cardiac muscle is part of the ___ system
cardiovascular
87
Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals are all examples of ___
nutrients
88
does food moving through the digestive tract qualify as muscle movement?
yes
89
does performing bicep curls at the gym qualify as muscle movement?
yes
90
does the heart pumping blood throughout the body qualify as muscle movement?
yes
91
do the blood vessels expanding and contracting to help regulate body temperature qualify as muscle movement?
yes
92
does urine being expelled from the body by the bladder qualify as muscle movement?
yes
93
does the brain sending a nerve impulse down the spinal cord qualify as muscle movement?
no
94
the esophagus is part of the ___ system
digestive
95
The ___ system responds to internal and external changes by activating muscles and glands
nervous
96
in a homeostatic control system, the receptor sends a signal along the sensory or ___ pathway to the control center. this signal is also called the "input"
afferent
97
in a homeostatic control system, the ___ is usually the brain
control center
98
homeostatic ___ occurs when the body's homeostatic control mechanisms become less efficient and effective
imbalance
99
which organ system is responsible for maintaining homeostasis?
all organ systems
100
if you get too hot, your bills vessels will ___ and you'll start to cool down
dilate
101
the gall bladder is part of the ___ system
digestive
102
the body's ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world changes continuously is called ___
homeostasis
103
T/F?
| the body is in homeostasis when it's needs are adequately met and it is functioning smoothly
true
104
when the body's response to an initial stimulus is to reduce the effect of that stimulus (to cause the variable to return to its normal level or range) , a ___ feedback mechanism is at work
negative
105
in a homeostatic control system, the sensor that monitors the environment and responds to changes( temperature changes in the skin) is called a ___
receptor
106
___ feedback mechanisms are more likely to have localized (limited to one area of the body or organ system) than systemic effects
positive
107
the oral cavity (mouth) is part of the ___ system
digestive
108
T/F?
| when the body is in homeostasis, it's internal conditions never vary
false
109
in a homeostatic control system, a change in the body's internal environment is called the ___
stimulus
110
in a homeostatic control system, the organ or organ system that determines the level or range at which a variable is to be maintained, analyzes input, and determines the appropriate response is called the ___
control center
111
___ feedback mechanisms tend to control infrequent events that do not require continuous adjustments
positive
112
both aging and disease processes may cause a homeostatic ___
imbalance
113
T/F?
| the body is in homeostasis when it's needs are adequately met and it is functioning smoothly
true
114
in a homeostatic control system, the ___ is the factor or event being regulated (ex. body temp)
variable
115
the goal of all ___ feedback mechanisms is to prevent severe changes within the body
negative
116
as we ___, our homeostatic control system become less efficient and our internal environment becomes less and less stable
age
117
the ___ system eliminates nitrogenous wastes such as urea
urinary
118
in a homeostatic control system, the control center sends a signal along the motor of ___ pathway to the effector. also called the output
efferent
119
when the body's response to an initial stimulus is to reduce the effect of that stimulus, a ___ feedback mechanism is at work
negative
120
homeostasis is a ___ equilibrium
dynamic
121
in a homeostatic control system, the ___ provides the means for the control centers response
effector
122
in a homeostatic control system, the ___ is usually a muscle, organ or gland
effector
123
when the body's response to an initial stimulus is to enhance the effect of that stimulus, a ___ feedback mechanism is at work
positive
124
the fallopian tubes are part of the ___ system
reproductive
125
the diaphragm is part of the ___ system
respiratory, muscular
126
the larynx is part of the ___ system
respiratory
127
the liver is part of the ___ system
digestive
128
the digestive systems role in metabolism is to provide ___ which may be broken down to produce enerdy
nutrients
129
the ___ system allows manipulation of objects and the environment
muscular
130
if you stop eating, the first thing your body would do is break down glycogen stored in the liver and muscle tissue into ___ and release it into the bloodstream where it could be used for energy
glucose
131
___ provides the environment necessary for chemical reactions to take place in the body
water
