CH 12 Flashcards
Preconception Care & Diagnostic Tests
amniocentesis
biophysical profile
CVS - chronic villus sampling
natural childbirth
perinatal education
preconception care
Risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes
Isotretinoins
Alcohol misuse
antepileptic drugs
diabetes
folic acid deficiency
HIV/AIDS
hypothyroidism
maternal PKU
rubella
obesity
oral anticoagulant
STIs
smoking
Menstrual History Includes:
age at menarche
days in cycle
flow characteristics
discomforts
use of contraception
date of last menstrual period (LMP)
Gravida is what?
-a pregnant woman
Gravida I = first pregnancy
Gravida II = multigravida/ multiple pregnancies
Para is what?
-a woman who has produced one or more babies carrying a pregnancy 20 weeks or more
-nullipara = no offspring greater than 20 weeks
-multipara = 2 or more births after 20 weeks
-grand multipara = 5 or more births after 20 weeks
GTPAL
gravida
term births
preterm births
abortions
living children
ex: G6T1P2A2L3
Pregnancy Lab Tests
-urinalysis - bc bladder infections can cause preterm labor
-CBC
-Blood typing
-Rh factor
-rubella
-Hep B
-HIV
-VDRL & RPR - syphyllis
-cervical smears : pap, gonorrhea, chlamydia, bacterial vaginosis, group b strep
-ultrasound
Follow up visits schedule
-every 4 wks up to 28 wks
-every 2 wks from 29-36 weeks
-every week from 37 weeks to birth
-more often if high risk
Assessments and Testing of Fetus
- ultrasonography - 20 weeks
- doppler flow studies - only if needed
- alpha fetoprotein or triple/quad screen marker test - 16-18 weeks (neural tube defects/ down syndrome)
- nuchal translucency screening - if positive AFP
- amniocentesis - can show chromosome problems, big risk is miscarriage.
- chorionic villus sampling (CVS) - big risk is can break the water and go into preterm labor - cervical and abdominal
- perciutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS) - abdominal
- nonstress test
- contraction stress test
- biophysical profile
Encephalocele is:
half the brain and head is on the outside, not formed correctly
Spina Bifida is:
issues w/ spinal nerves - could have paralysis or weakness in the legs
Anencephaly is:
doesn’t have cerebellum - baby usually ends up dying within a day or 2
Non Stress Test
(reactive and non reactive)
Reactive: 2 or more FHR accelerations w/in 20 min period. Each acceleration must increase the HR 15 beats per min above baseline rate and last for at least 15 sec when the fetus is ABOVE 32 weeks
-2 or more FHR accelerations w/in 20 min period. Each acceleration must increase 10 beats per min over 10 sec when the fetus is BELOW 32 weeks.
Non reactive: does not meet above criteria
*this tests tells us how well the baby is doing w/ pregnancy
Biophysical Profile (BPP) is what?
-further eval if fetus was non reactive to stress test
-ultrasound + NST
checks for breathing, movement, tone, amniotic fluid volume, nst results. get 0 or 2 for each
Results: 8-10 = normal
6= observation if premature, delivery if mature
0-4 = delivery
1st trimester discomforts
-urinary frequency/ incontinence
-fatigue
-n/v
-breast tenderness
-constipation
-nasal stuffiness, bleeding gums, epistaxis
-cravings
-leukorrhea (increased vaginal discharge)
