Ch 11 Skull and Nasal Flashcards
Which sinuses/recesses do cats and dogs have?
Frontal sinus
small Sphenoidal sinus
lateral maxillary recess
what is the asterisk-ed structure?
lateral maxillary recess
How is occipital dysplasia different from occipital bone malformation?
Occipital dysplasia (a.k.a. keyhole malformation) - bone defect, dorsal extension of the foramen magnum; toy/mini breeds.
COMS (caudal occipital bone malformation) (a.k.a. Chiari-like malf) results in overcrowding, cerebellar herniation. CKCS/Chihuahua
What has happened here?
Coronoid impingement; the L coronoid process is lateral to the zygomatic arch. This is called open-mouth jaw-locking, occurs in some breeds (Basset, Irish setter, Persian cat) predisposed to TMJ dysplasia, with hyperextension (e.g. yawning) or can be from trauma.
The TMJ is a synovial joint - T or F?
T
What are the imaging features of MPS VI?
Radiographic skeletal changes in cats with MPS-VI
include
- epiphyseal dysplasia
- generalized osteopenia
- pectus excavatum
- vertebral and skull changes
- shortened nasal conchae,
- aplasia/ hypoplasia of frontal and sphenoid sinuses
- shortened dimensions to the incisive and maxillary bones
MPS-I, has been documented in DSH, similar but less facial dysmorphia than in Siamese.
Which cat breed gets MPS and which type?
siamese VI
DSH I
what is the first sign of hyperparathyroidism radiographically?
loss of lamina dura
What’s the proper name for rubber jaw, what condition is it associated with?
fibrous osteodystrophy, occurs with severe hyperparathyroidism when the skull mineral is replaced by fibrous material
Osteolysis and osteomalacia in hyperparathyroidism affects young or old animals more?
young, because skeletal turnover is greater
What percentage of hyperparathyroid dogs had cystic calculi?
31%
Feldman EC, Hoar B, Pollard R, Nelson RW. Pretreatment clinical and laboratory findings in dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism: 210 cases (1987e2004). J Am Vet Med
Assoc. 2005;227(5):756e761.
What is going on here?
Hyperparathyroidism, secondary renal
Loss of lamina dura only occurs with secondary hyperparathyroidism - true or false?
False
Why are thyroids hyperattenuating on pre-contrast CT? How does this compare between brachycephalic and non-brachy dogs?
due to high concentration of iodine
Brachys have lower HU thyroids;
Classic signalment for feline acromegaly?
mid-aged, MN, diabetic
Feline acromegaly changes occur due to an excess of _____________.
growth hormone and IGF-1
Imaging findings of feline acromegaly
pituitary mass
frontal bone thickening
soft tissue hyerp
also thicker skin
2/3 of nasal tumors are
epithelial; the other 1/3 mesenchymal.
in cats, this proportion is different as lymphoma is also common.
nasal tumors are locally aggressive and rarely metastasize - true or false?
true
Which is better to assess the cribriform plate radiographically - open-mouth ventrodorsal view or intra-oral view?
open-mouth ventrodorsal view; intra-oral plate cannot be inserted caudally enough.
what is the arrowhead pointing to?
intact cribriform plate; on the other side there is a nasal mass which has caused lysis of the plate.
6-month-old female Labrador retriever cross with
thickened, painful mandible, fever, and chronic hyporexia progressing to anorexia
CMO
How does bone thickening differ between CMO and CHS?
CHS - smooth
CMO - irregular
MMM affects which muscles (type of fiber, and individual muscle names)?
2M
masseter, temporal, pterygoids
