Ch. 11: Prejudice and Stereotyping

Question 1

Stereotypes

Answer 1

The belief that certain attributed are characteristics of members of a particular group

Question 2

Prejudice

Answer 2

A negative attitude or affective response toward a group and its individual members

Question 3

Discrimination

Answer 3

unfair treatment of individuals based on their membership in a particular group

Question 4

Modern Racism

Answer 4

Prejudice directed at racial groups that exists alongside the rejection of explicitly racist beliefs

Question 5

Realistic group concept theory

Answer 5

A theory that group conflict, prejudice, and discrimination are likely to arise over competition between groups for limited resources

Question 6

Ethnocentrism

Answer 6

Glorifying one’s own group while vilifying other groups

Question 7

Superordinate goals

Answer 7

A goal that transcends the interests of any one group and can be achieved more readily by two or more groups working together

Question 8

minimal group paradigm

Answer 8

an experimental paradigm in which researchers create groups based on arbitrary and seemingly meaningless criteria and then examine how the members of these minimal groups are inclined to behave toward one another

Question 9

Social identity theory

Answer 9

the idea that a person’s self-concept and self-esteem derive not only from personal identity and accomplishments but also from the status and accomplishments of the various groups to which the person belongs

Question 10

Outgroup homogeneity effect

Answer 10

The tendency for people to assume that within-group similarity is much stronger for outgroups than for ingroups

Question 11

Paired distinctiveness

Answer 11

the pairing of two distinctive events that stand out even more because they occur together

Question 12

Subtyping

Answer 12

explaining away exceptions to a given stereotype by creating a subcategory of the stereotypical group that can be expected to differ from the group as a whole

Question 13

Stereotype threat

Answer 13

The fear of confirming the stereotype others have about ones group

Question 14

What are the three approaches to studying stereotyping, prejudice and discrimination?

Answer 14

Economic perspective, Motivational perspective and the cognitive perspective

Question 15

What is the economic perspective?

Answer 15

includes the: Realistic Group Conflict Theory which says that discrimination is likely to arrise over competition between groups for limited resources
The Robbers Cave experiment - two groups of boys at camp

Question 16

What is the motivational perspective?

Answer 16

according to this perspective, poor intergroup relations can result simply because there are two groups which creates us/them opposition results.
this perspective includes the minimal group paradigm - where members of arbitrarily defined grous favor their fellow group members over the members of the other group.
also includes the Social Identity Theor, which says that self esteem is derived in part from group membership and group success

Question 17

What is the cognitive perspective?

Answer 17

This perspective focuses on stereotypes (which are a form of categorization).
this perspective includes the “outgroup homogenity effect”